“阿拉丁神灯”还是“潘多拉魔盒”:ChatGPT教育应用的潜能与风险  

“Aladdin’s Lamp”or“Pandora’s Box”:The Potential and Risks of ChatGPT’s Educational Application

作　　者：王佑镁[1] 王旦 梁炜怡 柳晨晨 WANG Youmei;WANG Dan;LIANG Weiyi;LIU Chenchen

机构地区：[1]温州大学大数据与智慧教育研究中心,浙江温州325035 [2]温州大学教育学院教育技术系,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2023年第2期48-56,共9页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2021年度国家一般课题“教育领域人工智能应用的伦理风险与防范对策研究”(BCA210086)。

摘　　要：智能聊天机器人模型ChatGPT,因具有可以针对用户输入内容生成自然语言文本,支持连续多轮对话与上下文理解等特性,吸引了大量教育研究者和工作者的关注。作为AIGC的典型应用,ChatGPT会如何改变教育?它到底是教育的“阿拉丁神灯”还是“潘多拉魔盒”呢?一方面,ChatGPT具有赋能教学创新的潜能,可以提升教学成果的完成度与创意感、增强数字导师的角色感与互动性、提高自适应学习系统的易用性与精准度、促进教学策略与方式的智慧化与创造性,支持教学反馈与评价的生成性与个性化。另一方面,ChatGPT在教育中的应用也可能引发四类风险:学业诚信遭质疑与评估机制失平衡、过度依赖生沉迷与教师地位恐弱化、信息传输不准确与知识水平受限制、伦理意识未加强与伦理风险难应对。显而易见,作为一款现象级生成式人工智能应用,ChatGPT可能引发教育的深刻变革。教育工作者应谨慎地加以使用,积极吸纳ChatGPT带来的教育创新,同时通过发展评估策略、分割教学责任、加速技术革新、制定伦理指南等措施规避其可能带来的教育风险。ChatGPT,an intelligent chatbot model,has attracted a lot of attention from educational researchers and workers because of its features of generating natural language text in response to user input and supporting continuous multi-round dialogues with contextual understanding.As a typical application of AIGC,how will ChatGPT change education?Is it an“Aladdin’s Lamp”or“Pandora’s Box”of education?On the one hand,ChatGPT has the potential to empower teaching innovation,enhance the completion and creativity of teaching outcomes,strengthen the role and interactivity of digital tutors,improve the ease of use and accuracy of adaptive learning systems,promote the wisdom and creativity of teaching strategies and methods,and support the generativity and personalization of teaching feedback and evaluation.On the other hand,the application of ChatGPT in education may also lead to four types of risks,including questionable academic integrity and unbalanced assessment mechanisms,over-reliance on student addiction and the weakening status of teachers,inaccurate information transmission and limited knowledge,and unenforced ethical awareness and difficulty in dealing with ethical risks.Obviously,as a phenomenal generative AI application,ChatGPT may trigger a profound change in education.Educators should use it cautiously and actively,incorporating the educational innovations brought by ChatGPT,while avoiding the possible educational risks by developing assessment strategies,dividing teaching responsibilities,accelerating technological innovation and developing ethical guidelines.

关 键 词：人工智能 ChatGPT AIGC 教育潜能 教育风险 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]