Immunology of a unique biological structure:the Echinococcus laminated layer  

作　　者：Álvaro Díaz Anabella ABarrios Leticia Grezzi Camila Mouhape Stephen J.Jenkins Judith E.Allen Cecilia Casaravilla 

机构地区：[1]Área Inmunología,Departamento de Biociencias(Facultad de Química)and Cátedra de Inmunología,Instituto de Química Biológica(Facultad de Ciencias),Universidad de la República,Montevideo,Uruguay [2]Centre for Inflammation Research,Queen's Medical Research Institute,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,EH89JU,UK [3]Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation,School of Biological Sciences,University of Manchester,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre,Manchester,M139NQ,UK

出　　处：《Protein & Cell》2023年第2期87-104,共18页蛋白质与细胞（英文版）

摘　　要：The larval stages of the cestode parasites belonging to the genus Echinococcus grow within internal organs of humans and a range of animal species.The resulting diseases,collectively termed echinococcoses,include major neglected tropical diseases of humans and livestock.Echinococcus larvae are outwardly protected by the laminated layer(LL),an acellular structure that is unique to this genus.The LL is based on a fibrillar meshwork made up of mucins,which are decorated by galactose-rich O-glycans.In addition,in the species cluster termed E.granulosus sensu lato,the LL features nano-deposits of the calcium salt of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(Insp_(6)).The main purpose of our article is to update the immunobiology of the LL.Major recent advances in this area are(i)the demonstration of LL“debris”at the infection site and draining lymph nodes,(ii)the characterization of the decoy activity of calcium Inp6 with respect to complement,(iii)the evidence that the LL mucin carbohydrates interact specifically with a lectin receptor expressed in Kupffer cells(Clec4F),and(iv)the characterization of what appear to be receptor-independent effects of LL particles on dendritic cells and macrophages.Much information is missing on the immunology of this intriguing structure:we discuss gaps in knowledge and propose possible avenues for research.

关 键 词：MUCIN COMPLEMENT ECHINOCOCCUS MACROPHAGE dendritic cell Clec4F 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]