国际化与马来化:马来西亚高等教育国际化进程及其特质探析  

Internationalization VS Malayanization:A Probe into the Process of Internationalization of Malaysian Higher Education and its Characteristics

作　　者：王喜娟[1] 吴坚[2] 王笑盈 WANG Xijuan;WU Jian;WANG Xiaoying(The School of Education Science Guangxi University for Nationalities,Nanning Guangxi 530006;Center for Southeast Asian Studies,South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510631)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学教育科学学院,广西南宁530006 [2]华南师范大学东南亚研究中心,广东广州1510631

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2023年第3期92-102,共11页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2018年度教育学一般课题“‘以教育为媒’的中国—东盟人文交流机制研究”(课题编号:BDA180030)。

摘　　要：基于历史比较分析立场,马来西亚高等教育国际化大致可分为三个阶段。第一阶段为国际化发轫期,典型特质为马来人优先政策下的被动国际化。建国初期以“固打制”为代表的马来人优先政策迫使大批非马来族学生出走留学,国际化被动发轫。第二阶段为国际化壮大期,典型特质为马来化特权政策松动中的主动国际化。20世纪90年代,高等教育私有化的大发展推动国际化逐渐冲破马来化的裹挟,国际化日益发展壮大。第三阶段为国际化深拓期,典型特质为马来化政策式微下的双向国际化,即在国际高等教育枢纽战略下,高等教育呈现国际、国内市场双向并进趋势。在国际化与马来化的博弈中,马来西亚不断推进政府、大学与市场间关系的调整、适应与平衡,实现由国家控制到国家监督的转变,并逐渐形成具有马来西亚特质的政府、大学与市场关系。Based on a comparative historical analysis,the internationalization of Malaysian higher education can be divided into three stages.The first stage is the emergence of internationalization,characterized by passive internationalization under the priority policy of Malay.The Malay priority policy represented by the"Quota System"at the beginning of the founding of the country forced a large number of non-Malay students to study abroad,and the internationalization started passively.The second stage is the growth of internationalization,typically characterized by active internationalization in the loosening of the Malay privilege policy.The privatization of higher education in the 1990s pushed internationalization to break through the hostage of Malayanization,and the internationalization grew day by day.The third stage is the deepening of internationalization,with the typical characteristics of twoway internationalization under the declining policy of Malayanization privilege.Under the strategy of International Higher Education Hub,Malaysia’s higher education has a two-way trend of international and domestic markets.In this constant game of internationalization and Malayanization,Malaysia’s internationalization of higher education is gradually moving from the periphery to the center and becoming an influential international education hub in Asia.In this process,Malaysia has gradually realized the adjustment,adaptation and balance of the relationship between government,universities and the market,which is mainly reflected in the transformation of the relationship between government and university from"state control"to"state supervision".

关 键 词：高等教育 教育国际化 教育马来化 教育管理 

分 类 号：G649.3[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.7[文化科学—教育学] G649.338