成功经历能改善低耐挫大学生的挫折心理  

Successful Experiences Improve Setback Psychology of Undergraduates with Low Perseverance

作　　者：都旭 白学军[1,2,3] 刘颖 郝嘉佳[1,2,3] Du Xu;Bai Xuejun;Liu Ying;Hao Jiajia

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地天津师范大学心理与行为研究院 [2]天津师范大学心理学部 [3]学生心理发展与学习天津市高校社会科学实验室,天津300387

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（心理学）》2022年第4期40-48,共9页

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(18JJD190001);教育部“长江学者奖励计划”特聘教授项目(T2017120);全国文化名家暨四个一批人才项目的资助。

摘　　要：为考察多次成功对低耐挫大学生挫折心理的改善,研究1以高、中、低耐挫大学生为被试,采用图形推理任务创设挫折一连续成功情境(即先经历挫折,后经历多次成功);研究2以高、低耐挫大学生为被试,采用部件组字任务创设挫折-连续成功情境。结果发现,在经历挫折后:(1)成功1次能改善大学生的成功坚信程度,连续成功6或7次能使其趋于稳定;(2)成功1次能改善低耐挫大学生的情绪体验,连续成功6次能使其相对稳定;(3)成功1次能改善低耐挫大学生的继续意愿,连续成功7次能使其趋于稳定。表明多次成功能改善低耐挫大学生的挫折心理。Perseverance is a personality state in the face of setbacks.Undergraduates with high perseveranc ve higher confidence in their success,recover from negative emotions quickly,and are more likely to engage in persistent behavior although faced with setbacks.In contrast,undergraduates with low perseverance are not confident that they will succeed,are immersed in negative emotions,and give up easily when they experience setbacks.Improving confidence in success,emotional experience and persistent behavior of undergraduates with low perseverance can help them overcome setbacks and achieve success.Thus,the current study aimed to explore how to improve the setback psychology of undergraduates with low perseverance.Winner effect is defined as increased probabilities of winning future contests as a result of past experience of winning.Previous studies showed that confidence in success,positive emotions,and persistent behavior were significantly improved after experiencing successes.It suggests that successful experiences can improve the setback psychology of undergraduates with low perseverance after encountering setbacks.The present study aimed to further investigate how many times undergraduates with low perseverance experience successes can improve their setback psychology.In study 1,the undergraduate perseverance scale was used to select high-,middle-and low-perseverance groups.A figure reasoning task was used to create the setback-consecutive success situation.Participants experienced a setback and then experienced 1 success and 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 consecutive successes.The results found that the confidence in success of undergraduates after encountering setbacks improved after experiencing 1 success and began to level off after experiencing 6 consecutive successes.After encountering setbacks,the positive emotions of high perseverance group improved and began to level off after experiencing 1 success,and those of middle perseverance group improved after experiencing 1 success and began to level off after experiencing 4 cons

关 键 词：耐挫心理 成功经历 胜利者效应 挫折心理 大学生 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]