缺血预处理提升运动表现--方法、应用及机制  

Ischemic preconditioning improves exercise performance:methods,applications and mechanisms

作　　者：王周 吴迎[1,2] Wang Zhou;Wu Ying(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京市100084 [2]国家体育总局运动应激适应重点实验室,北京市100084

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究》2023年第30期4869-4875,共7页Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家体育总局奥运科技攻关项目(2021592,2019634),项目负责人:吴迎。

摘　　要：背景:缺血预处理的保护效应在医学领域已经得到广泛证实和应用,但在运动领域的使用方法、干预部位、施加压力和时长尚无统一定论,对于不同运动类型的运动表现的作用效果在相关研究间也存在一定的差异。目的:阐述国内外关于缺血预处理提升运动表现的研究现状,为缺血预处理在运动领域的应用提供最佳方法和理论支持。方法:在中国知网、万方数据、维普、Web of Science、EBSCO、PubMed和Cochrane数据库进行文献检索,以“缺血预处理、预适应、预处理、血流限制”和“运动、运动表现”为中文检索词,以“Remote conditioning,Remote ischemic conditioning,transient limb ischemia,muscle ischemia,ischemic preconditioning”“exercise performance,sport,exercise,athletes”为英文检索词,最终纳入69篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①缺血预处理的干预方式分为远程缺血预处理和局部缺血预处理,常见施加部位为上臂或大腿中下1/3交界处,双侧同时或交替进行皆可,压力为220 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),干预时长常采用4×5 min。②缺血预处理在运动科学领域的研究集中于自行车、游泳、跑步和抗阻训练等,该方法对提升有氧耐力、无氧耐力和力量耐力的运动表现效果显著,但其对爆发力的影响仍存在争议。③缺血预处理的主要作用是在应激条件下激发人体内源性保护机制,促进阿片、缓激肽及腺苷等物质的释放,增强线粒体生物合成,抑制疲劳信号转导,进而提升运动表现。④目前缺血预处理提升运动表现的机制研究还不够深入,建议今后进一步探讨其发挥积极效应可能机制的同时,也应关注其是否有负面效应,以期为该方法科学合理地应用提供依据。BACKGROUND:The protective effect of ischemic preconditioning has been widely confirmed and applied in the medical field.However,there is no unified conclusion on the application method,intervention site,applied pressure,duration and repetition period in the field of sports.There are also some differences in the effect of different types of exercise performance among related studies.OBJECTIVE:To describe the research progress of ischemic preconditioning in improving exercise performance,and to provide the best method and theoretical support for the application of ischemic preconditioning in the field of sports.METHODS:Literature retrieval was carried out in CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,Web of Science,EBSCO,PubMed and Cochrane databases.The keywords included"ischemic preconditioning,preconditioning,preconditioning,blood flow restriction"and"exercise,exercise performance"in Chinese as well as"remote conditioning,remote ischemic conditioning,transient limb ischemia,muscle ischemia,ischemic preconditioning"and"exercise performance,sport,exercise,RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The intervention methods of ischemic preconditioning are divided into remote ischemic preconditioning and local ischemic preconditioning.The common application site is the upper arm or the junction of the middle and lower third of the thigh.Interventions can be performed on both sides simultaneously or alternately.The pressure is 220 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),and the duration of intervention is usually set to be 4×5 minutes.(2)Research on ischemic preconditioning in the field of sports science focuses on cycling,swimming,running and resistance training.Ischemic preconditioning significantly improves the performance of aerobic endurance,anaerobic endurance and strength endurance,but its effect on explosive power is still controversial.(3)The main function of ischemic preconditioning is to stimulate the endogenous protective mechanism of human body under stress conditions,promote the release of opioid,bradykinin,and adenosine,enhance mitochondrial biosynthesis,a

关 键 词：缺血预处理 远程缺血预处理 血流限制 缺血再灌注 运动表现 有氧耐力 无氧耐力 力量耐力 爆发力 抗阻训练 

分 类 号：R459.9[医药卫生—治疗学] R363[医药卫生—临床医学] R364