不同施肥方式对耕地黑土中小型土壤动物功能类群的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Functional Groups of Small and Medium-Sized Soil Animals in Cultivated Black Soil

作　　者：景佳爽 林琳[1] 李艳芹[1] 张利敏[1] JIANG Jia-shuang;LIN Lin;LI Yan-qin(School of Geographical Sciences of Harbin Normal University/Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150025)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院/寒区地理环境监测与空间信息服务黑龙江省重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第6期66-72,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年创新人才项目(UNPYSCT-2020132)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同施肥方式对中小型土壤动物功能类群的影响,以黑龙江省哈尔滨市呼兰区耕作黑土为试验区,对施有机肥、施半有机肥、施无机肥和对照4种不同处理方式耕地黑土中小型土壤动物各功能类群进行研究。结果表明:共捕获中小型土壤动物50类,隶属于2门6纲14目44科,共6 176只,数量占比为杂食性(60.54%)>腐食性(22.60%)>菌食性(11.37%)>植食性(2.91%)>捕食性(2.57%),类群数大小为植食性(13个)=捕食性(13个)>腐食性(11个)>杂食性(7个)>菌食性(6个),杂食性中小型土壤动物为优势类群;耕地黑土中中小型土壤动物的多样性指数、均匀度指数植食性最低,杂食性最高。与对照组相比,施有机肥时中小型土壤动物类群总数和各功能类群个体数显著增加,施无机肥时显著减少,施肥降低了中小型土壤动物各功能类群的丰富度;分析群落相似性表明,杂食性中小型土壤动物在不同处理方式间相似性程度较高;CCA分析表明,土壤全磷、全氮、pH分别对施有机肥、半有机肥、无机肥样地中小型土壤动物功能类群分布影响显著。中小型土壤动物各功能类群生长受3种施肥方式影响明显,中小型土壤动物各功能类群更适宜在施有机肥下生存。In order to explore the effect of different fertilization methods on the functional groups of small and medium-sized soil animals,this paper studied the functional groups of small and medium-sized soil animals in the cultivated black soil of Hulan District,Harbin City,Heilongjiang Province under four different treatments of organic fertilizer,semi-organic fertilizer,inorganic fertilizer and control.The results showed that:a total of 6176 small and medium-sized soil animals were captured,belonging to 44 families,14 orders,6 classes,2 phyla.The number proportion was omnivorous(60.54%)>saprophytic(22.60%)>bacteriophagic(11.37%)>herbivorous(2.91%)>predatory(2.57%).The number of groups was phytophagous(13)=predatory(13)>saprophytic(11)>omnivorous(7)>bacteriophagic(6).The small and medium-sized soil animals were the dominant group;The diversity index and evenness index of herbivorous small and medium-sized soil animals in cultivated black soil are the lowest,and the diversity index and evenness index of omnivorous small and medium-sized soil animals are the highest.Compared with the control group,the total number of small and medium-sized soil animal groups and individual number of each functional group increased significantly when applying organic fertilizer,and decreased significantly when applying inorganic fertilizer.Fertilization decreased the richness of each functional group of small and medium-sized soil animal;The community similarity analysis showed that the similarity degree of omnivorous small and medium-sized soil animals among different treatments was high;CCA analysis showed that total phosphorus,total nitrogen and pH value of soil had significant effects on the distribution of functional groups of small and medium-sized soil animals in organic,semi-organic and inorganic fertilizer plots.The three fertilization methods have obvious effects on the growth of the functional groups of small and medium-sized soil animals,and applying organic fertilizer is more beneficial to the survival of the functional grou

关 键 词：施肥方式 中小型土壤动物 功能类群 群落特征 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]