2020年长沙市岳麓区居民膳食结构和营养素摄入状况分析  

Dietary structure and nutrient intake status of residents in Yuelu District of Changsha City,2020

作　　者：郑美惠 熊家豪 段宏波[2] 让蔚清[1] 梁进军[2] 胡艳红 王久成 贾华云[2] 吴诗蓝 王春娥[2] 赖天兵[2] ZHENG Mei-hui;XIONG Jia-hao;DUAN Hong-bo;RANG Wei-qing;LIANG Jin-jun;HU Yan-hong;WANG Jiu-cheng;JIA Hua-yun;WU Shi-lan;WANG Chun-e;LAI Tian-bing(School of Public Health,University of South China,Hengyang,Hunan 421001,China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410005,China;Yuelu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410013,China)

机构地区：[1]南华大学公共卫生学院,湖南衡阳421001 [2]湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005 [3]长沙市岳麓区疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410013

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2023年第3期275-279,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：营养与食品卫生学国家级一流本科课程发展经费(000900006074);2019年度湖南省芙蓉教学名师专项基金(201RFS001);2020年衡阳市社会科学基金项目(2020E004)。

摘　　要：目的了解长沙市岳麓区居民膳食结构和营养素摄入现况,为针对性开展营养健康教育提供参考依据。方法调查长沙市岳麓区3岁及以上居民2020年食物消费状况,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验分析各年龄组居民平均每标准人日膳食和营养素摄入量差异,并与2010—2013年中国居民营养与健康状况、中国居民膳食指南和膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较。结果共计392人纳入数据分析,其中男性192人、女性200人,平均年龄(37.39±19.93)岁。2020年岳麓区居民平均每标准人日谷类(341.9 g)、大豆(33.6 g)、蛋类(39.9 g)和鱼虾蟹贝类(47.3 g)摄入量基本达到膳食宝塔推荐量;但薯类(19.5 g)、水果(34.9 g)、乳及乳制品(58.9 g)的摄入严重不足,畜禽肉类(159.7 g)、食用油(44.5 g)和盐(6.4 g)的摄入量超标。平均每标准人日营养素摄入量中,蛋白质、B族维生素、维生素E、钠、磷、铁的摄入量达到了推荐摄入量(RNI)要求,碳水化合物和脂肪供能比分别为41.3%和45.0%,比2012年全国平均水平下降了13.7%和上升12.1%。不同年龄组中,18~64岁人群各种营养素摄入达标比较低,其能量摄入仅1821.0 kcal。结论2020年长沙市岳麓区居民大豆、坚果、动物性食物和盐摄入状况有所改善,但整体膳食结构不合理和各年龄组营养素摄入分布不均的问题仍然存在,应继续加强“减油减盐”宣教,引导居民增加薯类、蔬果和奶类的摄入量。Objective To understand the status of dietary structure and nutrient intake among residents in Yuelu District of Changsha City,and to provide references for carrying out targeted nutrition and health education.Methods The food consumption status of residents aged 3 years and above in Yuelu District of Changsha City in 2020 was investigated.Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to analyze the difference in the average intake of dietary and nutrients per reference person per day among residents of different age groups,and then compared with the status of nutrition and health among Chinese residents in 2010-2013,the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and Dietary Reference Intakes of Chinese Residents.Results A total of 392 residents were enrolled into the data analysis,including 192 males and 200 women,and the mean age was(37.39±19.93)years.In 2020,the average intakes of cereals(341.9 g),soybean(33.6 g),eggs(39.9 g),fish,shrimp,crab and shellfish(47.3 g)per reference person per day for the residents in Yuelu District basically reached the recommended nutrient intakes from dietary pagoda,but the intakes of potato(19.5 g),fruits(34.9 g),milk and dairy products(58.9 g)were severely insufficient,with the excessive intakes of livestock and poultry meat(159.7 g),edible oil(44.5 g)and salt(6.4 g).As for the average intake of nutrients per reference person per day,the intakes of protein,vitamin B,vitamin E,sodium,phosphorus and iron met the requirements of recommended nutrient intake(RNI).The energy supply ratios of carbohydrate and fat were 41.3%and 45.0%,respectively,which decreased by13.7%and increased by 12.1%compared with the national average levels in 2012.Among different age groups,the nutrient intake of residents aged 18-64 years was relatively low,and their energy intake was only 1,821.0 kcal.Conclusion The status of soybeans,nuts,animal food and salt intakes among the residents in Yuelu District of Changsha City in 2020 was improved,but the overall dietary structure and uneven distribution of nutrient intake in all age groups s

关 键 词：膳食结构 营养素 调味品 摄入量 

分 类 号：R151.41[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]