中美保健食品监管:比较与启示  

Regulation of Health Foods in China and the United States:Comparison and Inspiration

作　　者：闫志刚 边晓慧[2] 隋霄 YAN Zhigang;BIAN Xiaohui;SUI Xiao(College of Urban Economics and Public Administration,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100071,China;School of Management,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院,北京100071 [2]安徽大学管理学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《食品科学》2023年第7期372-379,共8页Food Science

基　　金：北京市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(XRZ2020006)。

摘　　要：中美保健食品监管显示了差异化的制度定位。在监管对象上,美国凸显膳食成分导向,界定了相对明确的保健食品法定内涵与类型,我国则关注预期功能声称,制定了标准严格的保健功能目录;在监管尺度上,美国实行宽松的弱监管,我国实行严格的强监管,反映了两国在消费安全与选择自由之间的价值差异;在监管重心上,美国聚焦于上市后监管,我国则着重于上市前准入监管,体现了两国不同的监管风险认知、容忍度与治理策略。改革中的中美保健食品监管显示了相向而行的改革策略,超越“准入式监管”,构建市场导向的保健食品监管体系成为推动我国保健食品监管变革的有效路径。Regulation of health foods in China and the United States show different institutional positions.For the regulatory object,the US highlights the dietary component orientation and defines a relatively clear legal content and type of health foods,while China pays attention to the expected function claims and has formulated a directory of health function with strict standards.For the regulatory scale,the US adopts loose and weak supervision,while China exercises strict and strong supervision.Accordingly,there is a value difference between the safety of consumption and the freedom of choice in these two countries.For the regulatory focus,the US emphasizes post-market surveillance,while China focuses on market access regulation,which reflects that the two countries have different regulatory risk perception,tolerance and governance strategies.China's and the US' reform strategies for the regulation of health foods are moving in the same direction.Building a market-oriented health food supervision system beyond “access-based supervision” has become an effective way to promote reform in the health food supervision system in China.

关 键 词：保健食品 政府监管 监管改革 膳食成分 功能声称 

分 类 号：TS218[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]