抚养方式及父母受教育程度对初中生BMI和食物摄入频率的影响  

Effects of method of rearing and educational level of parents on BMI and food intake frequency among junior middle school students

作　　者：马永晋 王小青 苏家雯 陈世林 潘池梅[2] MA Yongjin;WANG Xiaoqing;SU Jiawen;CHEN Shilin;PAN Chimei(Department of Preventive Medicine,School of Public Health,Nanchong,Nanchong,Sichuan 637100,China;School of Public Health,North Sichuan Medical College,Nanchong,Nanchong,Sichuan 637100,China)

机构地区：[1]川北医学院公共卫生学院预防医学系,四川南充637100 [2]川北医学院公共卫生学院,四川南充637100

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2023年第8期1348-1353,共6页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

基　　金：四川省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S20211063040)。

摘　　要：目的了解抚养方式和父母受教育程度对初中生体重指数(BMI)和食物摄入频率的影响,为进一步针对性开展初中生营养与身体健康教育工作提供依据。方法2021年6月采用分层整群随机抽样的方式在四川省南充市高坪区抽取3所中学初中生856名,采用自编问卷进行调查,收集各项数据,测量初中生身高、体重,按公式计算BMI,应用EpiData3.1软件录入整理数据,应用SPSS17.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果不同抚养方式、父母受教育程度初中生BMI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同抚养方式、父母受教育程度初中生食物摄入频率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);由父母抚养的初中生奶类及其制品、新鲜水果摄入频率均较高;母亲受教育程度高的初中生奶类及其制品、零食摄入频率均较高;父亲受教育程度高的初中生奶类及其制品、豆类及其制品、新鲜水果摄入频率均较高。结论不同抚养方式及父母教育程度对初中生BMI无影响,而抚养方式及父母受教育程度是儿童食物摄入行为的重要影响因素,提示营养干预应包含家庭环境因素的介入。Objective To understand the effects of the method of rearing and the educational level of parents on the body mass index(BMI)and food intake frequency of junior middle school students,and to provide a basis for further targeted education efforts on nutrition and physical health of junior middle school students.Methods In June 2021,a total of 856 junior middle school students from three middle schools were selected from Gaoping District of Nanchong City by stratified cluster random sampling,and self-compiled questionnaires were used to investigate and collect various data.The height and weight scale was used to measure the height and weight of junior middle school students on site,and BMI was calculated according to the formula.The data were input and sorted by using EpiData3.1 software,and analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistical software.Results There was no statistically significant difference in BMI of junior middle school students with different rearing methods and parents′education level(P>0.05),while there was statistically significant difference in food intake frequency of junior middle school students with different rearing methods and parents′education level(P<0.05).The intake frequency of milk and its products and fresh fruit was higher in junior middle school students reared by their parents.The frequency of intake of milk and its products and snacks was higher in junior middle school students whose mothers were highly educated.The frequency of intake of milk and its products,legumes and its products,and fresh fruits was higher in junior middle school students whose fathers were highly educated.Conclusion Different parenting methods and parents′education level have no effect on BMI of junior middle school students,while methods of rearing and parents′educational levels were significant influencing factors for children′s food intake behaviors,suggesting that nutritional interventions should incorporate home environmental factors intervention.

关 键 词：初中生 抚养方式 父母受教育程度 体重指数 食物摄入频率 

分 类 号：R155.1[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R179[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]