山东省中小学生维生素A营养状况及影响因素分析  

Vitamin A nutritional status and associated factors among primary and secondary school students,Shandong

作　　者：姜迎[1] 孙青[2] 闫静弋[1] 庄茂强[1] 王克波[1] 肖培瑞[1] 周晗 赵金山[1] JIANG Ying;SUN Qing;YAN Jing-yi;ZHUANG Mao-qiang;WANG Ke-bo;XIAO Pei-rui;ZHOU Han;ZHAO Jin-shan(Institute of Food and Nutrition,Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan,Shandong 250014,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心食品与营养所,山东济南250014 [2]山东大学附属儿童医院(济南市儿童医院)临床营养科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第6期1042-1046,1052,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：山东省医药卫生科技发展计划项目(202112020791)。

摘　　要：目的了解山东省中小学生维生素A营养状况及影响因素,为制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机抽样,对山东省3540名中小学生开展问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,并对维生素A影响因素进行logistic回归分析。结果山东省中小学生维生素A均值为(374.61±105.38)μg/L,维生素A缺乏率为1.6%(95%CI:1.2%~2.1%),边缘性缺乏率为21.6%(95%CI:20.2%~22.9%)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,农村[OR=1.880(95%CI:1.546~2.285)]、看护人文化程度为小学及以下[OR=1.625(95%CI:1.212~2.024)]、不吃动物性食物[OR=1.480(95%CI:1.132~1.793)]、不吃深色蔬菜[OR=1.893(95%CI:1.316~2.453)]与维生素A缺乏呈正相关;城市[OR=0.234(95%CI:0.152~0.332)]、静态用眼时间小于60 min[OR=0.618(95%CI:0.394~0.965)]、初中生[OR=0.495(95%CI:0.397~0.617)]、高中生[OR=0.537(95%CI:0.421~0.685)]与维生素A缺乏呈负相关。结论山东省中小学生维生素A的营养水平较好,但边缘性缺乏率较高。建议加强营养知识宣教,采取增加动物性食品和深色蔬菜等膳食供应、减少看电子屏幕等措施进行干预。Objective To analyze the vitamin A nutritional status and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province,and to provide a scientific basis for formulating intervention measures.Methods Stratified random sampling and questionnaire surveys were used,physical examinations and laboratory tests were carried out on 3540 primary and secondary school students in Shandong Province,and Logistic Regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of vitamin A.Results The mean Vitamin A level was(374.61±105.38)μg/L,while the deficiency and marginal deficiency rate was 1.6%(95%CI:1.2%-2.1%)and 21.6%(95%CI:20.2%-22.9%),respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in rural areas[OR=1.880(95%CI:1.546-2.285)],caregivers’education level of elementary school and below[OR=1.625(95%CI:1.212-2.024)],no animal food[OR=1.480(95%CI:1.132-1.793)],no eating dark vegetables[OR=1.893(95%CI:1.316-2.453)]were positively correlated with vitamin A deficiency.Urban[OR=0.234(95%CI:0.152-0.332)],static eye use time less than 60 minutes[OR=0.618(95%CI:0.394-0.965)],junior high school students[OR=0.495(95%CI:0.397-0.617)],high school students[OR=0.537(95%CI:0.421-0.685)]were negatively correlated with vitamin A deficiency.Conclusion Vitamin A among elementary and secondary school students in Shandong Province is in good level,but the marginal deficiency rate is higher.Measures should be used like strengthening the nutritional education,increasing the dietary supply of animal food and dark vegetables,and reducing the static eye time such as watching electronic screens.

关 键 词：维生素A 边缘性缺乏 中小学生 营养状况 回归分析 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]