为何与何为?——中小学教师职称制度的历史回溯与改革建议  

Why and How?——Historical Retrospect and Reform Suggestion of the Title System of Primary and Secondary Schools Teachers

作　　者：王智超 尹昊 WANG Zhi-chao;YIN Hao(Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育学部,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《当代教师教育》2023年第1期71-77,共7页Contemporary Teacher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划教育学一般课题(BFA220178)。

摘　　要：中小学教师是我国专业技术人才队伍的重要组成部分,设置合理的中小学教师职称制度对于调动中小学教师工作积极性、激发中小学教师工作热情、提高中小学教师队伍整体素质、促进基础教育事业发展具有重要意义和作用。改革开放以来,中小学教师职称制度一直在实践中不断适应时代变化,摸索改进,有力地反映了不同时代对于教师队伍建设的要求。中小学教师职称制度经历了制度初创、制度完善、制度改革深化和制度改革发展等几个阶段,各个阶段呈现出了不同的特点,也展现出制度不断改进的基本态势。中小学教师职称制度在改革过程中取得了一定成效,但也面临激励功能弱化和自身功能异化等问题,中小学教师职称制度应坚持制度为教师专业发展服务的基本价值,坚持顶层设计和实践探索相结合,确保制度改革的稳步推进。Primary and secondary school teachers are an important part of professional and technical personnel in our country.Setting up a reasonable title system for primary and secondary school teachers is of great significance and role in mobilizing the enthusiasm of primary and secondary school teachers,stimulating their enthusiasm for work,improving the overall quality of primary and secondary school teachers,and promoting the development of basic education.Since the reform and opening up,the title system of primary and secondary school teachers has been constantly adapting to the changes of the times in practice,exploring and improving,which strongly reflects the requirements of different times for the construction of teachers.The title system for primary and secondary school teachers has gone through several stages,such as the initial establishment of the system,the improvement of the system,the deepening of the system reform and the development of the system reform.Each stage presents different characteristics,and also shows the basic trend of continuous improvement of the system.The professional title system of primary and secondary school teachers has made some achievements in the reform process,but it also faces problems such as the weakening of the incentive function and the alienation of its own functions.The professional title system of primary and secondary school teachers should adhere to the basic value of the system serving teachers'professional development,adhere to the combination of top-level design and practical exploration,and ensure the steady progress of system reform.

关 键 词：教育政策 中小学教师队伍建设 中小学教师职称 职称制度改革 

分 类 号：G42[文化科学—课程与教学论]