医学门类下自主设置学科的分布特征及其影响要素研究  

Study on the Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Autonomously Setting up Disciplines Under the Medical Category

作　　者：钟志宏 蔺亚琼[1] 陈雨沁[1] ZHONG Zhihong(School of Education,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei,430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学教育科学研究院,湖北武汉430074 [2]赣南医学院发展规划与学科建设处,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《医学与社会》2023年第5期139-144,共6页Medicine and Society

基　　金：江西省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地项目,编号为JD19014。

摘　　要：目的:探究2009-2021年我国医学门类下自主设置学科分布特征,分析自主设置学科的影响要素,为未来医学学科发展提供参考。方法:依据教育部发布的《学位授予单位(不含军队单位)自主设置二级学科和交叉学科名单》对医学门类下自主设置学科的数量、内容及院校特征进行描述性分析。结果:医学门类下共有680个自主设置二级学科和78个自主设置交叉学科,自主设置学科的分布不平衡,表现出“跨学科”特征,临床医学下自主设置二级学科最多(161个),与临床医学、基础医学相关的自主设置交叉学科最多(均为53个);自主设置学科名称主要集中在“传统医疗行业需求”“医学学科理论发展需求”“大健康需求”“先进技术方法”四大主题;自主设置学科在高校间发展不均衡,高校办学层次越高,学科评估排名靠前,校均自主设置学科数量越多;自主设置学科的生成主要受社会需求的逻辑、知识积累、分化与整合的逻辑、科学技术发展、院校资源特征等多重要素影响。结论:自主设置学科赋予了学科体系更多的灵活性和更强的适应性,基于自主设置学科分布特征和变化趋势,国家层面应加强对自主设置学科的宏观引导和规范管理;高校层面在“新医科”统领下进一步强化学科交叉,在办学历史与办学实力的双重驱动下,促进自主设置学科交叉、有序、特色发展。Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of autonomously setting up disciplines under the medical category in China from 2009 to 2021,so as to provide references for the future development of medical disciplines.Methods:According to the"List of Second-level Disciplines and Interdisciplines autonomously set up by Degree-granting Units(excluding Military Units)"issued by the ministry of education,a descriptive analysis was made on the number,content and colleges’characteristics of autonomously setting up disciplines under the medical category.Results:There were 680 autonomously setting up second-level disciplines and 78 interdisciplines under the medical category.The distribution of the disciplines was unbalanced,showing the characteristics of"interdisciplinary",the number of setting up second-level disciplines under clinical medicine is the largest(161),and the number of interdisciplines related to clinical medicine and basic medicine was the largest(both 53);The names of the disciplines mainly focused on the four themes of"traditional medical needs""demand for medical discipline theory development""big health needs"and"advanced technology methods".The development of the disciplines was uneven among colleges,The higher the school-running level,the higher the subject evaluation ranking,the college has more disciplines.The formation of the disciplines was mainly affected by multiple factors such as the logic of social needs,the logic of accumulation,differentiation and integration of knowledge,the development of science and technology and the characteristics of college resources.Conclusion:Autonomously setting up disciplines has endowed the discipline system with more flexibility and stronger adaptability.Based on the distribution characteristics and changing trends of the disciplines,The nation should strengthen the macro guidance and standardized management.The colleges should take"new medicine"as guide to further strengthen interdisciplinary development,based on the school-r

关 键 词：医学教育 自主设置学科 二级学科 交叉学科 

分 类 号：R-01[医药卫生]