蓝莓果实外观与糖、酸、酚组成特征  

Appearance and Sugar,Acid and Phenol Composition of Blueberry Fruit

作　　者：张素敏[1] 杨巍[1] 魏鑫[1] 高文民 刘成[1] ZHANG Su-min;YANG Wei;WEI Xin;GAO Wen-min;LIU Cheng(Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Yingkou 115009,Liaoning,China;Comprehensive Service Center of Songjianghe Town in Fusong County,Baishan 134504,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁营口115009 [2]抚松县松江河镇综合服务中心,吉林白山134504

出　　处：《食品研究与开发》2023年第10期53-61,共9页Food Research and Development

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-29);辽宁省重点实验室建设(2020JH13/10200051);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划(2019DD164924);辽宁省科技特派行动专项计划-首席特派员专项计划(2022JH5/10400124);辽宁省“揭榜挂帅”科技攻关项目(2021JH1/10400036);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(辽[2022]TG 05号、辽[2020]TG 13号);沈阳市科学技术计划(21-110-3-13);“一带一路”联合实验室或研究中心(2020JH2/10500005)。

摘　　要：以21个蓝莓品种果实为试材,观测外观特点,检测可溶性糖、有机酸营养组成,旨在为育种、栽培、鲜食品种选择提供依据。结果表明,蓝莓果型指数均小于1,大多呈不同程度扁球形,少数近球形和饼形;单果重为0.52 g~2.63 g,其中‘达柔’超过2.5 g,是少有的大型果;果实多呈蓝色且表面附着果粉,‘粉红佳人’为稀有的红色少果粉品种,‘黑珍珠’是罕见的黑色无果粉种质;果实越大果形越扁含水量越高。果实含有果糖、葡萄糖2种可溶性糖和草酸、奎尼酸、苹果酸、莽草酸、柠檬酸5种有机酸以及绿原酸、儿茶素2种酚类物质,3类物质含量依次递减、差异显著。同一品种中两种糖含量相当且葡萄糖含量(48.81 mg/kg)略高于果糖含量(44.41 mg/kg),果糖甜度(7771)显著高于葡萄糖甜度(3661),属于己糖积累型果实,果糖、葡萄糖、总糖含量及甜度变化趋势和幅度极为相似,果糖含量越高,葡萄糖含量越高,果实越甜,‘喜来’、‘日出’是优良的高糖品种。柠檬酸含量最高(6.31 mg/kg),占总酸的76.52%,显著高于其它有机酸,属于柠檬酸优势型果品,不同品种间奎尼酸含量差异巨大,相差1000余倍,‘北卫’是奎尼酸含量极高的品种,‘利博梯’、‘蓝金’是高柠檬酸品种,‘北卫’、‘利博梯’、‘蓝金’是高酸品种。果实风味受总甜度(可溶性总糖含量)影响,由有机酸含量决定,综上所述,‘喜来’、‘日出’、‘比洛克西’、‘N5’、‘黑珍珠’、‘瑞卡’是较好的鲜食品种。The appearance characteristics of the fruits of 21 blueberry varieties were observed,and the sugars and acids in the fruits were detected,which would provide a basis for the breeding,cultivation,and fresh-eating variety selection of blueberry.The results showed that the 21 blueberry varieties all had the shape index below 1.Most of the varieties had oblate spherical fruits,and a few had nearly spherical or cake-shaped fruits.The vari-eties had the single fruit weight of 0.52 g-2.63 g,among which the variety'Darrow'had the single fruit weight more than 2.5 g.The fruits of most varieties were blue with white powder on the surface.'Pink Lemonade'was a rare variety with red fruit and little white powder,and'Black Pearl'was a rare variety with black fruit and no white powder on the fruit surface.The variety with big and flat fruit generally had high water content.The blue-berry fruit contained two soluble sugars(fructose and glucose),five organic acids(oxalic acid,quinic acid,mal-ic acid,shikimic acid,and citric acid),and two phenols(chlorogenic acid and catechin).The content of the compounds followed the trend of soluble sugars>organic acids>phenols,with significant differences.In the same variety,the glucose content(48.81 mg/kg)was slightly higher than the fructose content(44.41 mg/kg),and the fructose sweetness(7771)wassignificantly higher than the glucose sweetness(3661),which indicated that blue-berry belonged to the fructose-accumulating fruit.The content of fructose,glucose,and total sugar presented similar trends and ranges with the sweetness.The fruit with high fructose content and high glucose content was generally sweet.'Sierra'and'Sunrise'were elite high-sugar varieties.Citric acid presented the content(6.31 mg/kg,76.52%of the total acids)significantly higher than other organic acids,which indicated that blueberry was a cit-ric acid-dominant fruit.The content of quinic acid varied greatly among different varieties,with the difference more than 1000 folds.'Patroit'was a variety with high content of quinic a

关 键 词：蓝莓 外观 可溶性糖 有机酸 多酚 相关性 

分 类 号：TS255.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]