阳明学与阳明后学的演化趋向——从阳明各指点语的意义与局限看  

The Evolutionary Trend of Yangming's Thoughts and Thoughts after Yangming--From the Perspective of the Meaning and Limits of Yangming's Various Pointing Words

作　　者：傅锡洪 FU Xihong(Boya College,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院,广州510275

出　　处：《安徽师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期43-53,共11页Journal of Anhui Normal University(Hum.&Soc.Sci.)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“宋明理学史新编(多卷本)”(17ZDA013)。

摘　　要：言意关系是理解阳明学与阳明后学演化趋向的一个重要视角。阳明的宗旨是即用是体,工夫可以直接凭借呈现的本体展开。“心即理”与“知行合一”等指点语都不同程度地表达了这一宗旨,最能表达这一宗旨的指点语则是“良知”,阳明思想的演化趋向首先便是“良知”的拈出。不过,“良知”这一表述存在对情感和意志的维度有所忽略,以及偏向于用而体的意味有所不足等问题。当然,即便突出体的地位,也不应忽视用的一面,体与用的分量应该保持平衡。这些问题不仅成为阳明在拈出“良知”后所要解决的主要课题,也深刻地影响了阳明后学的演化趋向。阳明后学朝着两个方向分化,或者过度重视用以至于凡用皆体,或者过度提揭体以至于离用言体。The relationship between words and meaning is an important perspective for understanding the evolutionary trend of thoughts of Wang Yangming and thoughts of post-Wang Yangming.Wang Yangming's tenet is that the substance is embedded in the specific things,which means that the effort can be developed directly by virtue of the substance.The guiding words,such as Mind is reason and Knowledge and action are united,express this tenet in different degrees.The best expression is the notion of conscience.The evolution trend of Wang Yangming's thought is first to pick up the notion of conscience.However,there are some problems in this notion,such as neglecting the dimension of emotion and will,emphasizing more on Yong and paying insufficient attention to the substance(Ti).Also,it is true that even if the status of the substance(Ti)should be highlighted,the aspect of Yong should not be neglected,and that the weight of Yong and substance(Ti)should be balanced.These problems not only became the main issues that Yangming had to solve after putting forward the notion of conscience,but also profoundly influenced the evolution of studies after Wang Yangming.The studies after Wang Yangming diverged in two directions,either overemphasizing Yong to the extent that all Yong is the substance(Ti),or overemphasizing Yong to the extent that Yong is discussed without referring to the the substance(Ti).

关 键 词：良知 言意关系 即用是体 心即理 知行合一 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]