《史记》的疏误与义例——以“赤帝子”斩蛇故事为中心  

Errors and Historiographical Rules of Grand Scribe's Records:An Analysis of Son of Red Emperor's Storyof Killing Snake

作　　者：尉雯琪 WEI Wenqi

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院历史系,100084

出　　处：《史林》2023年第2期74-85,218,共13页Historical Review

摘　　要：《史记》载有刘邦斩蛇故事,号称“赤帝子”杀“白帝子”。这则材料自“古史辨”时代以来就颇受关注。研究者通常在“五德终始”或“五方色帝”的框架下对此进行解读,但二者均有矛盾不合之处。至于刘邦为“赤帝子”的原因,也并非他起兵方位在南,乃是据楚称赤。“赤帝子”传说应出现在刘邦具备称楚的正当性之后,必非沛地举兵时已有之事。《史记》称刘邦起兵即立赤帜是“赤帝子”传说之故,这重因果逻辑是不能成立的。《史记》正文中的议论并不都是司马迁父子看法的体现,更未必符合历史的真实。将时人具有广泛影响的观点照直载录、不加申明,是值得关注的一重《史记》义例。The present paper,arguing against the popular study of one of Grand Scribe's Records,in which the son of Red Emperor killed the son of White Emperor,reveals that the Records'assertion that Liu Bang's selection of red flag in the rebellion was based on the legend of the son of Red Emperor is illogically grounded.It goes further,saying the direct collection of popular legends without interpretation is one of the Records'historiographical rules worth being studied.

关 键 词：赤帝子 五方色帝 五德终始 《古史辨》 《史记》 义例 

分 类 号：K204.2[历史地理—历史学]