“癸卯学制”两甲子考论--纪念第一部全国施行的近代学制颁布120周年  

A Probe into the School System Promulgated in the"Gui-Mao Year"Two 60-Year Cycles Ago on the Chinese Lunar Calendar--Commemorating the 120th Anniversary of the Promulgation of the First Latter-Day School System in China

作　　者：田正平[1] Tian Zhengping(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310012)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,杭州310012

出　　处：《教育研究》2023年第4期66-79,共14页Educational Research

摘　　要：20世纪初酝酿、颁布并在全国施行的“癸卯学制”,是清政府在新政时期王朝自救的重要举措。它的颁布实施,使晚清最后八年传统教育的变革跨出了一大步,新式教育的发展取得了前所未有的实绩。“癸卯学制”颁行两个甲子以来,它一直处在被批评指责的境地。经过120年的历史积淀和多次全国性的学制更替,重新审视中国近代第一部在全国施行的近代学制,我们可从中了解其在酝酿、制定过程中体现的一些规律和探索,如学制的制定要体现国家的意志、反映占统治地位的意识形态的要求,要注意吸收世界各国的教育经验而不能闭门造车,要与一个国家学术发展、知识系统构建等更宏观的问题综合考察、相互促进。对这样一些问题的认识和理解,可能具有更长久的价值和意义。Conceived,promulgated and implemented nationwide in the"Gui-Mao Year"two 60-year cycles ago in the early 20th century on the Chinese lunar calendar,the Gui-Mao School System was an important initiative for the Qing government to save itself during the New Deal Period.A new style of education,it made a big stride forward in the reform of traditional education over the last eight years of the late Qing Dynasty,and achieved unprecedented results.However,over the past two 60-year cycles since its promulgation,the Gui-Mao School System has been under criticism and accusation.After the historical evolution of 120 years and several national school system reforms,we can review this first latter-day school system implemented nationwide and understand the rules and explorations reflected in its conception and formulation,such as reflecting the will of the state and the ruling ideology,absorbing the educational experience from other countries instead of working behind closed doors,and heeding such macroscopic issues as the academic development and the construction of the knowledge system within the country.A good understanding of such issues is likely to be of long-term significance.

关 键 词：中国教育史 学制 “癸卯学制” 

分 类 号：G522.2[文化科学—教育学] K25[文化科学—教育技术学]