仿生球体形态对高速磁浮列车减阻的影响  

Effect of bionic sphere form on drag reduction of high-speed maglev train

作　　者：周丹[1,2,3] 陈怀博 孟石 李金柱 ZHOU Dan;CHEN Huaibo;MENG Shi;LI Jingzhu(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on the Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期1592-1602,共11页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB1200602-11,2016YFB1200602-12)。

摘　　要：采用基于SST k-ω双方程的IDDES湍流模型,在高速磁浮列车流线型部位设置不同形态的仿生球体结构,对其减阻性能进行瞬态模拟。研究结果表明:仿生球体结构不仅可以有效降低尾流流速,削弱尾流的整体强度,而且能够约束尾涡的发展,减小尾涡的辐射范围;球体结构减小了尾车流动分离位置处的高速流区面积,并有效延缓了湍流的猝发性,使得湍流强度降低,边界层厚度变窄;仿生球体结构对列车风产生一种吸附作用,使得高速区被集中在距离尾车鼻尖更近的部位,尾流的流速波动变小;球体形态差异对流场结构的影响较大,与凸包形态的球体结构相比,凹坑形态的球体结构对尾流强度的削弱作用更显著,对流动分离位置边界层的作用效果更好,对列车风的吸附能力更强;凸包形态和凹坑形态的仿生球体结构可分别减小7.64%和14.58%的尾车气动阻力,但会分别增大2.33%和1.16%的头车气动阻力。Using IDDES turbulence model based on SST k−ωequation,different bionic sphere structures were set at the streamlined part of the high-speed maglev train to simulate its drag reduction performance.The results show that the bionic sphere structure can not only effectively reduce the wake velocity and weaken the overall strength of the wake,but also restrict the development of the wake vortex and reduce the radiation range of the wake vortex.The sphere structure reduces the area of the high-speed flow area at the separation position of the tail car flow,effectively delays the burst of turbulence,reduces the turbulence intensity and narrows the thickness of the boundary layer.The bionic sphere structure has an adsorption effect on the slipstream,so that the high-speed area is concentrated closer to that of the nose of the tail car,and the velocity fluctuation of the wake becomes smaller.The difference of sphere shape has a great impact on the flow field structure.Compared with the convex spherical structure,the concave spherical structure has a more significant weakening effect on the wake intensity,a better effect on the boundary layer at the flow separation position,and a stronger adsorption capacity for slipstream.The setting of convex spherical structure and concave spherical structure can reduce the aerodynamic drag of the tail car by 7.64%and 14.58%respectively,but increases the aerodynamic drag of the head car by 2.33%and 1.16%respectively.

关 键 词：高速磁浮列车 仿生球体形态 尾流结构 列车风 气动阻力 

分 类 号：U266.4[机械工程—车辆工程]