北欧国家基础教育优质均衡发展的做法及保障探析  

An Analysis of Practices and Safeguards of the High-quality and Balanced Basic Education in Nordic Countries

作　　者：王雁冰[1,2] WANG Yanbing

机构地区：[1]平顶山学院外国语学院 [2]西北师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《吉林省教育学院学报》2023年第1期16-22,共7页Journal of Jilin Provincial Institute of Education

摘　　要：北欧六国基础教育政策各异,但做法共通,主要表现在:一是重视教育公平,学生享有优质均等的教育机会;二是实行分权制管理,当地政府和学校办学自主权高;三是注重学习者支持服务,学校营造家校共同咨询指导、促进学生身心健康成长、以生为本的氛围。北欧国家基础教育质量高,以公立学校为主,学生学习成果校际差异小,强调全纳教育理念,普通教育和特殊需求教育融合度高,实现了优质均衡发展。其保障措施主要有充裕并优先用于教学支出的财政保障,重视教师发展的高质量师资支撑以及多元化的评价方式。The Nordic countries have different policies in basic education,but the same values direct the common practices,which are reflected in three aspects.The first is equity:students have equal access to the highquality education;the second is that the decentralized administration ensures the strong governance in the local level;the third is that the learner support system creates a balanced mental and physical growth and student-oriented environment with home-school cooperation in guidance and counseling.The basic education has achieved the goal of high-quality and balanced development with its high quality and small variation,emphasis of special need education based on inclusion,and the structure in which the schools are mainly public.The guarantee measures for this development mainly includes the adequate and prioritized financial guarantee for teaching expenditures,development-oriented high-quality teacher support,and diversified evaluation methods.

关 键 词：北欧 基础教育 优质均衡 做法 启示 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]