中英高考数学概率与统计部分的比较研究  

A Comparative Study on the Probability and Statistics of Chinese-British Mathematics College Entrance Examination

作　　者：王玉[1] 胡凤娟[1] WANG Yu;HU Feng-juan(College of Teacher Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教师教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《数学教育学报》2023年第3期24-29,共6页Journal of Mathematics Education

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目——数学理解性教学的理论建构与实践策略研究(15JYC032)。

摘　　要：随着大数据时代的来临,数据分析已经成为各国公民必不可少的一种数学素养.中国对承载数据分析素养的内容——概率与统计的考查方式需要完善和改进,那么作为世界范围内最重要的考试之一——A-level考试是如何考查概率与统计的呢?研究采用本文分析法,研究了中英14份高考试题和两国课程标准,发现中英高考试题统计与概率部分差异较大,具体表现为:中国高考数学概率与统计部分占比较低、考查内容较窄、试题类型以客观题为主、试题开放性极低、试题背景单一、试题认知水平考查度较低等.研究启示高考改革增加统计与概率部分的考试分数占比、逐步减少客观题的题量、适当增加题目的开放性、丰富试题背景、适当地减少计算量、提高数学认知水平的考查.With the advent of the era of big data,data analysis has become an indispensable mathematical competency for citizens of all countries.In China,examination methods of probability and statistics,which carries the content of data analysis literacy,need to be consummated and improved.So,how does,one of the most important exams in the world,the A-level exam test the content of probability and statistics?This paper uses content analysis to study 14 Chinese and British college entrance examination questions and the curriculum standards of the two countries.It is found that the statistics and probability parts of the Chinese and British college entrance examination questions are quite different.The specific manifestations are:the proportion of mathematics probability and statistics in the Chinese college entrance examination is relatively low,the examination content is narrow,the question type is mainly objective,the openness of the test question is very low,the test question background is single,and the degree of examination of the cognitive level of the test question is low.These results implicate that the college entrance examination should be reformed to increase the proportion of test scores in the statistics and probability section,gradually reduce the number of objective questions,appropriately increase the openness of the questions,enrich the background of the questions,appropriately reduce the amount of calculation,and improve the level of mathematical cognition.

关 键 词：英国A-level考试 高考 概率与统计 试题分析 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]