平等而卓越:我国教育分流制度的体系优化  

Equality and Excellence:System Optimization of Education Streaming System in China

作　　者：程红艳[1] 潘小芳 Cheng Hongyan;Pan Xiaofang(School of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《教育科学》2023年第2期27-33,共7页Education Science

基　　金：2018年度全国教育科学规划国家一般项目“现代化进程中学校变革的伦理追求与实践路径”(项目编号:BEA180113)。

摘　　要：教育分流制度是进行人才选拔的基本制度,世界范围内的教育分流制度在精英主义倾向递减、平等主义倾向递增的维度上呈现出精英主义、竞争主义、课程主义、自由主义、平等主义五种类型。我国教育分流制度系统属于东亚型竞争主义教育类型,强调权威主导、能力本位与成就导向,属于强制分流的“学术型—晚分流”模式。当前我国教育分流制度面临三个方面的难题:一是尚未有效改善弱势群体在教育分流中的不利地位;二是教育系统的人才选拔机制容易引发过度教育竞争;三是缺乏使教育体系保持适度弹性的“软分流”机制。构建平等而卓越的教育分流制度,需要在价值诉求上达成制度正义与社会效率的深度耦合,在实践路径上协调好国家意志与个体需求的平衡。The educational streaming system is a basic system for talent selection and social differentiation.Worldwide educational streaming system has presented five types:elitism,competition,curricular,liberalism and egalitarianism in the dimension of decreasing elitist tendency and increasing egalitarian tendency.China’s educational streaming system belongs to the East Asian type of competitive education,which emphasizes elitism,authority dominance,competence ability-based and achievement-oriented,which belongs to the“academic-late streaming”model of forced streaming.At present,China’s education educational streaming system is facing three difficulties:the first is the failure to effectively improve the disadvantaged position of disadvantaged groups in educational streaming;the second is the tendency for the selection mechanism of educational institutions to lead to excessive competition in education;and the third is the lack of a“soft streaming”mechanism to keep the educational system moderately flexible.To build an equal and excellent education diversion system,it is necessary to achieve a deep coupling of institutional justice and social efficiency in value appeals,and to coordinate the balance between national will and individual needs in practice.

关 键 词：教育分流制度 教育制度 制度正义 教育公平 

分 类 号：G639.22[文化科学—教育学]