ChatGPT教学应用:场景、局限与突破策略  

Teaching Application,Limitations and Breakthrough Strategies of ChatGPT

作　　者：杨海燕[1] 李涛[2] Haiyan YANG;Tao LI(First Affiliated Middle School of Tongji University,Shanghai 200438;School of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092)

机构地区：[1]同济大学第一附属中学,上海200438 [2]同济大学土木工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国教育信息化》2023年第6期26-34,共9页Chinese Journal of ICT in Education

摘　　要：ChatGPT作为基于大语言模型的人工智能对话系统,在给人类教育应用带来变革的同时,也对教育提出了新挑战。ChatGPT模型综合应用人工智能领域的改进Transformer神经网络GPT模型、基于人类反馈的强化学习、指令微调与思维链等技术,实现了语言解析、情境关联、文本生成等功能。在教学场景中,ChatGPT能够辅助教、学、评升级应用,给教学准备与开展、学习内容与方法、评价内容与方式都带来了新的应用可能。但ChatGPT仍存在答案真实性难以保证、算法隐藏文化偏见等问题,可能生成新型学习权威、弱化人类学习能力、挑战教育本质。因此,面对这一异质的人工智能媒介,需在做好风险防范的基础上,发挥其“代具”功能,让教师善用工具、促进全人涵养,学生学会批判、增强数字素养,社会则积极鼓励,构建教—机—学良好教育生态,以促进ChatGPT在教学中的广泛应用。ChatGPT is an AI dialogue system based on large language models,which poses new challenges to education while changing human education applications.ChatGPT employs the GPT-3.5 neural network architecture,the Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback(RLHF)technology,and the instruction fine-tuning and chain of thinking technology to enable language analysis,contextual association and text generation.In educational contexts,ChatGPT can assist with teaching,learning,evaluation,and upgrading applications.It introduces new possibilities for teaching preparation and development,learning content,methods,and even evaluation criteria.However,it is crucial to recognize issues such as ChatGPT’s authenticity and potential cultural biases hidden in its algorithms.It may also create new forms of learning authority,lead to weaker human learning ability,and pose challenge the fundamental characteristics of education.Therefore,it is necessary to leverage its“generation”function while prioritizing risk prevention,allowing teachers to make good use of this“tool”and promoting holistic development.Students should learn to think critically and enhance their digital literacy.The public must actively work towards building an educational ecosystem that supports the interaction between education,machines,and learning,to facilitate the application of ChatGPT in field of teaching.

关 键 词：ChatGPT 生成式人工智能 教学应用 教学评价 教育数字化 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]