LRRK2, GBA and their interaction in the regulation of autophagy: implications on therapeutics in Parkinson’s disease  

作　　者：Shirley Yin-Yu Pang Rachel Cheuk Nam Lo Philip Wing-Lok Ho Hui-Fang Liu Eunice Eun Seo Chang Chi-Ting Leung Yasine Malki Zoe Yuen-Kiu Choi Wing Yan Wong Michelle Hiu-Wai Kung David Boyer Ramsden Shu-Leong Ho 

机构地区：[1]Division of Neurology,Department of Medicine,Queen Mary Hospital,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China [2]School of Biomedical Sciences,Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China [3]Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research,University of Birmingham,Birmingham,UK.

出　　处：《Translational Neurodegeneration》2022年第1期869-882,共14页转化神经变性病（英文）

基　　金：Tai Hung Fai Charitable Foundation-Edwin S H Leong Research Programme for Parkinson’s Disease;The Henry G.Leong Endowed Professorship in Neurology;The Donation Fund for Neurology Research.

摘　　要：Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) represent two most common genetic causes of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Both genes are important in the autophagic-lysosomal pathway (ALP), defects of which are associated with α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation. LRRK2 regulates macroautophagy via activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (MAPK/ERK) kinase (MEK) and the calcium-dependent adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Phosphorylation of Rab GTPases by LRRK2 regulates lysosomal homeostasis and endosomal trafficking. Mutant LRRK2 impairs chaperone-mediated autophagy, resulting in α-syn binding and oligomerization on lysosomal membranes. Mutations in GBA reduce glucocerebrosidase (GCase) activity, leading to glucosylceramide accumulation, α-syn aggregation and broad autophagic abnormalities. LRRK2 and GBA influence each other: GCase activity is reduced in LRRK2 mutant cells, and LRRK2 kinase inhibition can alter GCase activity in GBA mutant cells. Clinically, LRRK2 G2019S mutation seems to modify the effects of GBA mutation, resulting in milder symptoms than those resulting from GBA mutation alone. However, dual mutation carriers have an increased risk of PD and earlier age of onset compared with single mutation carriers, suggesting an additive deleterious effect on the initiation of PD pathogenic processes. Crosstalk between LRRK2 and GBA in PD exists, but its exact mechanism is unclear. Drugs that inhibit LRRK2 kinase or activate GCase are showing efficacy in pre-clinical models. Since LRRK2 kinase and GCase activities are also altered in idiopathic PD (iPD), it remains to be seen if these drugs will be useful in disease modification of iPD.

关 键 词：Parkinson’s disease INTERACTION LRRK2 GBA GCase Mutation AUTOPHAGY Α-SYNUCLEIN 

分 类 号：R742.5[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]