职业教育提升农民就业创业能力:国际经验与政策启示  

Vocational Education Improves the Employment and Entrepreneurship Ability of Farmers:International Experience and Policy Enlightenment

作　　者：胡原 李婕 高鸣 HU Yuan;LI Jie;GAO Ming

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学管理学院,成都611130 [2]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《世界农业》2023年第7期5-13,共9页World Agriculture

基　　金：“研究阐释习近平总书记来川视察重要指示精神和省第十二次党代会精神”四川省哲学社会科学规划重大项目“新时代打造更高水平‘天府粮仓’研究”(SC22ZDYC09);四川省自然科学基金项目“森林碳汇推动共同富裕的机制、效应及路径研究”(2023NSFSC1060)。

摘　　要：职业教育提升农民就业创业能力,对全面推进乡村振兴、扎实推进共同富裕具有重要意义。本文剖析了农民职业教育的起源和发展,梳理了北美洲、欧洲、亚洲等地区的发达国家在职业教育发展过程中的主要经验,并结合中国实践提出相应政策启示。研究结果表明,农民职业教育主要经历了技术推广、技能培育、素质教育三个阶段,国际先进的共性经验主要包括立体化的职业教育体系、双元制的职业教育模式,并辅以健全的法律基础和充足的经费来源为根本保障。结合中国历史实践与基本国情,提出以提升学历教育为基础,培养高素质农民;以健全法律体系为保障,培养法制化农民;以创新科技手段为动力,培养现代化农民;以壮大师资队伍为根本,培养职业化农民。Vocational education promotes the employment and entrepreneurship ability of farmers,which is of great significance to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and solidly promote common prosperity.This paper analyzes the origin and development of farmers’vocational education,combs the main experience of developed countries in North America,Europe,Asia and other developed countries in the process of vocational education development,and puts forward corresponding policy enlightenment in combination with China’s practice.The research results show that the farmer vocational education has mainly gone through three stages:technology promotion,skill cultivation,and quality education.The international advanced common experience mainly includes three-dimensional vocational education system,dual system vocational education model,sound legal basis and adequate funding sources.Based on China’s historical practice and basic national conditions,the following suggestions are put forward:cultivate high-quality farmers on the basis of improving academic education;cultivate legalized farmers with a sound legal system as the guarantee;cultivate modern farmers with innovative scientific and technological means as the driving force;cultivate professional farmers based on the team of great masters.

关 键 词：职业教育 就业创业能力 国际经验 政策启示 

分 类 号：G719.2[文化科学—职业技术教育学] F323.6[文化科学—教育学] F249.2[经济管理—产业经济] F279.2