汽车自动驾驶过程中不同姿态乘员在追尾碰撞中的损伤研究  

Research on Injury of Occupants with Different Postures in Rear End Impacts during Automatic Driving

作　　者：武和全[1,2] 边楚虹 胡林[1] 龚创业 WU Hequan;BIAN Chuhong;HU Lin;GONG Chuangye(Key Laboratory of Lightweight and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Education Department of Hunan Province,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha,410004;Bioengineering Center,Wayne State University,Detroit,MI48201)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学工程车辆轻量化与可靠性技术湖南省高校重点实验室,长沙410004 [2]韦恩州立大学生物工程中心,底特律MI48201

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2023年第13期1628-1637,共10页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52172399,52211530054);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ30723);长沙理工大学学位与研究生教学改革研究项目。

摘　　要：为探究自动驾驶情形下不同姿态乘员在追尾碰撞中的损伤风险,利用THUMS人体模型研究了不同姿态下乘员的生物力学响应。通过对比尸体试验的运动学响应对THUMS乘员约束系统模型的有效性进行了验证,在此基础上调整THUMS姿态,使其分别为E-NCAP规范下的标准乘员姿态和120°、150°、180°姿态。然后搭建对应的4种不同座椅角度追尾碰撞模型,对其施加E-NCAP下的追尾碰撞加速度波形(中速4.88 g和高速6.44 g)。通过8组仿真试验对比发现,在追尾碰撞中,标准姿态与120°姿态下的乘员损伤风险较小;颈部棘突间韧带应变值随乘员倾斜角度增大而减小;150°与180°姿态下乘员存在颈部前纵向韧带拉伤的风险;安全带在4种乘员姿态下均可起到约束作用,乘员下肢会以骨盆为中心发生偏转,肋骨未发生骨折,内脏器官均未见损伤。In order to explore the injury risk of occupants under different postures in automatic driving,the THUMS model was used to explore the biomechanical response of occupants in different postures.Firstly,the effectiveness of the THUMS occupant restraint system model was verified by comparing kinematics response of the cadaveric test.Based on this,the THUMS manikin posture was adjusted to be the standard occupant attitude under the E-NCAP specification and attitudes of 120°,150°and 180°respectively.Then,four models of rear end impact with different seat angles were built,and two rear-impact acceleration waveforms(medium speed of 4.88 g and high speed of 6.44 g)under E-NCAP protocols were applied to them.Through the comparison of eight groups of simulation tests,it is found that in the rear end impact,the risk of injury to the passengers in the standard posture and 120°sitting posture are relatively low.The strain value of cervical interspinous ligament decreases with the increase of occupant tilt angle.In 150°and 180°postures,there are risks of pulling the anterior longitudinal ligament of the neck.The safety belt may restrain the passengers in all four postures.The lower limbs of the passengers deflect with the pelvis as the center.The ribs and the internal organs are not damaged.

关 键 词：自动驾驶 不同姿态 追尾碰撞 乘员损伤 

分 类 号：U491.6[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]