美诺篇  

Meno

作　　者： 詹文杰(译) Plato

机构地区：[1]不详 [2]中国社会科学院大学哲学院 [3]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《世界哲学》2023年第3期28-47,160,共21页World Philosophy

摘　　要：《美诺篇》是柏拉图写的一篇苏格拉底对话。最初讨论的问题从“德性是不是可传授的”开始,然后过渡到“德性是什么”。美诺关于德性的若干界定被驳斥之后,提出了关于探究之不可能性的“美诺悖论”。苏格拉底为了应对它而提出了“回忆说”。后续的论证看似陷入矛盾:一方面,如果德性是灵魂中起正确指引作用的东西,那么德性就是知识;另一方面,如果不存在德性的专业教师,那么德性是不可传授的,也就不是知识。不过苏格拉底随后认为行为的正确指引不仅有知识还有真信念,由此他试图论证通常被认为有德性的人可能没有知识而只有真信念,并且以某种方式解释了知识和真信念的差别。The Meno is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato.The initial discussion begins with the question"Is virtue teachable"and then moves on to"What is virtue".After several of Meno's definitions of virtue have been refuted,the Meno Paradox,which raises the impossibility of inquiry,is raised.Socrates responds to it by proposing the"theory of recollection".The ensuing argument seems to fall into contradiction:on the one hand,if virtue is something that acts as a right guide in the soul,then virtue is knowledge;on the other hand,if there is no professional teacher of virtue,then virtue is not teachable and is not knowledge.Socrates,however,then argues that there is not only knowledge but also true belief in the right guidance of conduct,and thus he tries to argue that those who are usually considered virtuous may not have knowledge but only true belief,and somehow explains the difference between knowledge and true belief.

关 键 词：德性 知识 信念 回忆说 美诺悖论 探究 

分 类 号：B502.232[哲学宗教—外国哲学]