基于学业质量标准的小学生科学探究能力评价  

Evaluation of Pupils Scientific Inquiry Ability Based on Academic Quality Standards

作　　者：王俊民 谭亚林 李健 Wang Junmin;Tan Yalin;Li Jian(Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,400700;Yinxiang Experimental Primary School of Southwest University,Chongqing,401533;Chongqing High-tech Zone Education Affairs Center,Chongqing,401329)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学科技教育与传播研究中心,重庆400700 [2]西南大学银翔实验小学,重庆401533 [3]重庆市高新区教育事务中心,重庆401329

出　　处：《考试研究》2023年第4期10-18,共9页Examinations Research

基　　金：重庆市教育科学规划课题“新时代高等师范院校科学教育学科建设研究”(项目编号:2021-GX-319);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“核心素养视域下小学科学学业测评研究”(项目编号:19YJC880085)。

摘　　要：科学探究能力是义务教育科学课程要培养的核心能力之一。以课程目标和学业质量标准为指导,选取重庆市某城区小学五年级学生作为研究对象,采用表现性评价任务“探究乒乓球弹起高度的影响因素”,通过现场操作并录像的方式收集信息,从设计方案、动手操作、分工合作、信息处理、科学交流、反思评价六个方面评定学生的科学探究能力水平。结果发现:五年级小学生的科学探究能力已接近学业质量标准的三级水平,但部分要素还有待提升。表现为:设计方案、动手操作、分工合作三个要素的表现水平较好,但设计方案和探究实践过程中,对多变量实验中的变量把握能力不足,控制变量的方式不够科学;多次测量计算平均值的意识不强;记录数据的方式不够规范;对结论的表述过于简单;科学表达的词汇使用比较随意。The ability of scientific inquiry is one of the key competencies to be developed in the science curriculum of compulsory education.Guided by the curriculum objectives and academic quality standards,this study selected the fifth grade pupils in an area of Chongqing as the research object,adopted the performance assessment task of"exploring the influencing factors of table tennis bounce height",collected information through on-site operation and video recording,and assessed the level of students'scientific inquiry ability from six aspects:design,operation,teamwork,information processing,scientific communication,and reflection&evaluation.The result shows that the scientific inquiry ability of the fifth grade pupils is close to the third level of the academic quality standard,but some elements need further improvement.The performance level of ddesign,operation and teamwork is good,but the ability to grasp the variables in the multi-variable experiment in the design scheme and exploration practice is insufficient,and the way to control the variables is not reasonable.The consciousness of calculating the average value after repeated experiments is not strong.The way of recording data is not standardized.The statement of the conclusion is too simple.The words used in scientific communication are relatively random.

关 键 词：学业质量标准 小学生 科学探究能力 表现性评价 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]