论“乐”的伦理精神  

A Discussion on the Ethical Spirit of“Music”

作　　者：黄梦肖 徐嘉[1] HUANG Meng-xiao;XU Jia(School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期24-31,共8页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“先秦儒家伦理的情感逻辑研究”(19BZX115)。

摘　　要：礼乐文明对中国传统伦理产生了深远的影响。“乐”与“礼”所体现的伦理价值既不相同,又相辅相成。“礼”强调等级分明的伦理秩序,“乐”则追求整个社会的“和同”,体现一种“和”的伦理精神。这一独特的伦理精神的历史建构过程复杂而漫长,在殷商时代呈现为原始先民沟通天人的祭祀仪式,是凝聚群体的集体情感和集体意识;西周的礼乐之治形成了“乐合同,礼别异”的价值格局,“乐”是具有“礼”之规范性的国家制度,通过伦理教化的方式来实现秩序之和;随着西周末年的礼坏乐崩,“乐”在国家制度层面上的伦理规范功能逐渐式微。而孔子赋予“乐”在个体道德层面上的独特价值,是使个体以实现伦理价值为目标、自觉地修养德性的精神动力,由此赓续了“乐”所蕴含的伦理精神的生命力。The ritual and music civilization has profoundly influenced traditional Chinese ethics.The ethical values embodied by“music”and“ritual”are both distinct and complementary.“Ritual”emphasizes a well-defined hierarchical ethical order,while“music”pursues societal harmony,embodying an ethical spirit of“harmony.”The historical construction process of this unique ethical spirit has been complex and lengthy.During the Yin and Shang dynasties,it was manifested as primitive ancestral communication with the divine through ritual ceremonies,serving as a collective emotion and collective consciousness that bonded the community together.The governance through the Western Zhou dynasty established a value pattern of“unity in music,differentiation in ritual”,“music”becoming a normative state system,infused with ethics education to achieve social order and harmony.However,with the breakdown of social order and cultural decline in the later years of the Western Zhou dynasty,the ethical regulatory function of“music”at the level of the state system gradually waned.Confucius bestowed upon“music”a unique value on the individual moral level,which became a spiritual driving force for individuals to consciously cultivate virtue and pursue ethical values,thereby perpetuating the vitality of“music”as an ethical spirit.

关 键 词：乐 礼别异 乐合同 乐教 伦理精神 

分 类 号：B82-056[哲学宗教—伦理学]