以问题为导向的特色学制构建--日本基础教育学制研究  

Construction of Problem-oriented Characteristic School System:A Research of Japan’s Basic Education School System

作　　者：吕鑫源 冯永刚 王永丽[2] LV Xinyuan;FENG Yonggang;WANG Yongli(Faculty of Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014;Research Division,Center for Education Management Information of the Ministry of Education,P.R.China,Beijing 100816)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育学部,济南250014 [2]教育部教育管理信息中心研究处,北京100816

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2023年第7期16-24,共9页Basic Education Review

基　　金：教育部教育管理信息中心教育管理与决策研究服务专项2022年度委托课题“基础教育学制变革管理及其发展趋势研究”(编号:MOE-CIEM-2022020)。

摘　　要：近现代日本基础教育学制变革缘起于明治维新时期,成型于第二次世界大战之后。在“六三三”学制体系的大前提之下,日本基于本国的特殊国情,采取了一系列措施以促进基础教育阶段学制的优化与发展:为推进小初衔接,解决“初一鸿沟”等问题,日本实施了小中一贯制,并尝试在小中一贯校探索多元化的学段划分方式;为助力教育的自由化发展,日本于部分地区施行了灵活多样的中小学择校制度;为配合天才教育政策的落地,日本亦着手实施了超级理科高中项目和高中提前毕业机制。通过一系列举措,日本走出了一条特色化的学制改革路径。The reform of the school system of basic education in modern Japan originated from the Meiji Restoration period and took shape after World War II.Under the premise of the“633”school system,Japan has carried out a series of measures to promote the optimization and development of the school system in the basic education stage based on its own special national conditions.To promote the connection between primary and secondary schools and solve problems such as the“Junior Grade 1 Gap”,Japan has implemented nine-year system,and attempted to explore diversified ways of dividing academic stages in primary and secondary schools;to promote the liberalization of education,Japan has implemented flexible and diverse school selection systems for primary and secondary schools in some regions;to comply with the implementation of talent education policies,Japan has also initiated the implementation of the Super Science High School project and the early graduation mechanism for high schools.On this basis,Japan has embarked on a distinctive path of school system reform.

关 键 词：日本 基础教育 学制 小中一贯制 择校制度 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学]