20世纪末以来日本“幼小衔接”课程演进研究  

A Study on the Evolution of Japan's Curriculum of"Connection of Preschool and Primary School"since the End of the 20th Century

作　　者：王幡 刘在良[2] WANG Fan;LIU Zailiang(Institute of Child Development,Jinhua Polytechnic,Jinhua 321017,China;School of Foreign Languages,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]金华职业技术学院儿童发展研究院,浙江金华321017 [2]山东师范大学外国语学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2023年第6期3-16,共14页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：浙江省教育科学规划2021年度一般规划课题(高校)“适应学龄前儿童‘去小学化’的自然教育课程建设研究”(项目编号:2021SCG062)。

摘　　要：纵观几十年来日本“幼小衔接”课程演进的历程,可以发现其有四个主要特征:一是逐步明确“幼小衔接”课程建设的作用;二是不断细化“幼小衔接”课程建设的目标;三是不断深化“幼小衔接”课程体系;四是不断丰富“幼小衔接”课程内涵。该课程旨在培养儿童积极融入周围环境和未来世界的情感、意志、态度、素质和能力,进而支持儿童逐步养成生存能力,开启积极乐观的学校生活,创造充盈丰润且灵动美好的童年生命姿态。日本的“幼小衔接”课程在其学校课程体系中占有重要的地位;突出儿童始于幼儿期游戏中的具身学习,强调小学一年级的学习并不是零起点;遵循儿童中心主义理念,构建了丰富多元的“幼小衔接”课程框架,以保障儿童最大利益,支持儿童开创美好的未来。这对于我国治理“超前教”“强迫学”“小学化”式的“幼小衔接”现象,更好地推进“幼小衔接”课程改革,无论是认识论还是方法论层面,均有启发作用。Through reviewing the evolution of the curriculum of"connection of preschool and primary school"in Japan in recent decades,we can find that it has four main features:firstly,it gradually defines the role of the curriculum construction of"connection of preschool and primary school";secondly,the goal of the curriculum construction of"connection of preschool and primary school"has been constantly refined;thirdly,the curriculum system of"connection of preschool and primary school"has been constantly deepened;last,the curriculum connotation of"connection of preschool and primary school"has been constantly enriched.This curriculum aims to cultivate children's emotion,will,attitude,quality and ability to actively integrate into the surrounding environment and the future world,so as to support children to gradually develop their survival ability,start a positive and optimistic school life,and create a full,rich,flexible and beautiful childhood life attitude.The curriculum of"connection of preschool and primary school"plays an important role in the school curriculum in Japan,which highlights the embodied learning of children starting from early childhood games and emphasizes that learning in the first grade of primary school does not start from zero,abides by the child-centered concept and has constructed a rich and diversified curriculum framework of the"connection of preschool and primary school"in order to protect the best interests of children and support them to create a better future.This is instructive,both from the perspective of epistemology and methodology,to our governance of the"connection-of-preschool-and-primary-school"phenomenon of"pull-ahead teaching","forced learning"and"primary school mode",and to better promote the curriculum reform of the"connection of preschool and primary school"in our country.

关 键 词：日本 幼小衔接 课程演进 儿童中心主义 具身学习 

分 类 号：G61[文化科学—学前教育学] G313[文化科学—教育学]