大学物理与高中物理光学部分的教学衔接研究——以夫琅禾费单缝衍射的讲解方法为例  

STUDY ON THE TEACHING CONNECTION OF THE OPTICS SECTION BETWEEN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS AND HIGH SCHOOL PHYSICS-TAKING THE METHOD OF EXPLAINING FRAUNHOFER SINGLE-SLIT DIFFRACTION AS AN EXAMPLE

作　　者：朱云龙 任永志 李玉祥[1] ZHU Yunlong;REN Yongzhi;LI Yuxiang(College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学物理与光电工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《物理与工程》2023年第2期31-35,44,共6页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：哈尔滨工程大学校级本科教学改革研究项目(JG2022B2510);黑龙江省高等教育教学改革一般项目(SJGY20210189)。

摘　　要：光学是现代物理学的重要分支,在大学物理教学中具有重要地位。高中物理与大学物理的教学侧重不同,如何衔接高中物理光学部分知识点与大学物理课堂教学是高校教师授课中的难点之一。为针对学生基础设计适合的讲解方式,从而提升大学物理光学部分的教学效果,本文以夫琅禾费单缝衍射为例,依据光程对称关系设计了一种新的讲解方法,可帮助仅有高中物理光学基础的学生快速理解半波带法计算衍射条纹规律的基本原理。通过调查问卷的方式验证了新讲解方法的有效性,证实了适当的教学设计对实现光学部分教学衔接的积极作用。Optics is an important branch of modern physics,and it has an important position in university physics teaching.The teaching emphasis of high school physics and university physics is different,and how to connect the knowledge points of the optics section in high school physics with university physics classroom teaching is one of the difficult points in college teaching.In order to design a suitable teaching method for students according to their knowledge and improve the teaching effectiveness of the optics section in university physics,this paper takes Fraunhofer single-slit diffraction as an example and designs a new explanation method based on the symmetry relationship of optical path.This method can help students with only basic optical knowledge of high school physics to quickly understand the fundamentals of diffraction fringe distribution calculation using the half-wave band method.The effectiveness of the new teaching method was verified by means of questionnaires,which confirmed the positive effect of an appropriate pedagogical design to achieve a teaching connection in the optics section.

关 键 词：大学物理 中学物理 单缝衍射 半波带法 光程对称关系 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学] G633.7[文化科学—教育学] O436.1-4[机械工程—光学工程]