牛乳纤溶酶及其活性影响因素研究进展  

Recent Advances in Milk Plasmin and Factors Affecting Its Activity

作　　者：杨晋辉 钱文涛 李洪亮[2,3] 王孟辉[2] 赵婧茹 任晓敏[1] YANG Jinhui;QIAN Wentao;LI Hongliang;WANG Menghui;ZHAO Jingru;REN Xiaomin(Mengniu Hi-Tech Dairy Products(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101100,China;Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 011500,China;Mengniu Dairy(Beijing)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101100,China)

机构地区：[1]蒙牛高科乳制品(北京)有限责任公司,北京101100 [2]内蒙古蒙牛乳业(集团)股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特011500 [3]蒙牛乳业(北京)有限责任公司,北京101100

出　　处：《食品科学》2023年第13期235-243,共9页Food Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(32130081);呼和浩特市重大科技专项(2021-农-重-1)。

摘　　要：纤溶酶是影响牛乳产品货架期质量的重要因素。纤溶酶的水解活性受到激活剂、抑制剂以及激活剂抑制因子等调控因子的影响,其热灭活参数、水解特性,以及所诱导凝胶表观特性、凝胶机制和检测方法均不同于嗜冷菌所分泌的蛋白酶。奶牛品种、泌乳阶段、胎次、体细胞数、细菌所分泌的蛋白酶等都会影响生乳中纤溶酶含量和活性。由于乳清蛋白、酪蛋白和美拉德反应会对纤溶酶的结构和底物识别产生影响,因此,热加工、膜浓缩和高压等加工工艺都会对牛乳中纤溶酶活性产生影响。本文通过对纤溶酶系组成及其调控机制、纤溶酶诱导牛乳老化凝胶形成机制、影响纤溶酶活性因素和纤溶酶的检测方法进行综述,以期为牛乳纤溶酶的进一步研究提供参考。Plasmin is an important factor affecting the shelf-life quality of milk products,and its hydrolytic activity is regulated by many factors,such as activators,inhibitors,and activator inhibitors.Compared with protease secreted by psychrophilic bacteria,plasmin presents different thermal inactivation parameters and hydrolysis properties;the milk gelation properties induced by the two enzymes,the gelation mechanisms and the methods used to detect the milk hydrolysates are different.Plasmin activity in raw milk is affected by dairy cow breeds,lactation stage,parity,and the number of somatic cells,as well as protease secreted by bacteria.As whey protein,casein and Maillard reaction can affect plasmin structure and substrate recognition by it,heating,membrane filtration,and high pressure processing can affect plasmin activity.In this paper,we summarize the composition and regulatory mechanism of the plasmin system in milk,the mechanism of plasmin-induced age gelation of milk,the factors affecting plasmin activity and the methods used to assay plasmin activity,with the aim to provide a reference for further research on milk plasmin.

关 键 词：牛乳 纤溶酶 老化凝胶 奶牛 加工 

分 类 号：TS252.2[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]