道不远人:孔子人文主义哲学教育论纲  

Human-centered“Tao”:Outline of Confucius Humanistic Philosophy Education

作　　者：张峰[1] 王思宇 Zhang Feng;Wang Siyu(School of Humanities and Social Science,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 102401,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102401

出　　处：《学术探索》2023年第7期135-142,共8页Academic Exploration

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度优先关注课题(BFEA21012)。

摘　　要：“道不远人”是贯穿孔子哲学教育思想与实践的总指针,勾勒出一条“世界—人性—人生”的人文主义进路。道不远人的世界观内涵是“天道维德”。孔子拨散宗教迷雾,为弟子展呈出一个远离鬼神的“人的世界”,进而以非神秘的道德体验--证悟“天命”赋予此世界以道德的本性。道不远人的人性观内涵是“仁道维情”。天道与人性上下贯通,孔子所证悟之天命实乃其本心之仁,故天道即仁道。在仁道的教育中,孔子发明以“情”体“仁”之通路,继以“率情”之工夫化育人性。“道不远人”的人生观内涵是“士能弘道”。孔子于天人省思中开悟到人类生命天性之共通(“性近”),又在教育实践中发觉个体生命价值之张力(“习远”),因而以“学而知之”与“士而弘毅”的生命实践诠释了人生价值的来源与归处。Human-centered“Tao”is the general guide through Confucius philosophy education thought,which outlines a humanistic approach called“world-human nature-life”.The connotation of human-centered“Tao”in world view is“the moral nature of heaven”.Confucius dispelled the religious fog by“respecting and alienating ghosts and gods”and showed his students a world that only humans exist.He further revealed the moral nature of this world in the process of“comprehending the ordinances of heaven”.The connotation of human-centered“Tao”in view of human nature is“the emotional nature of benevolence”.The heaven is connected with human nature from top to bottom.The ordinances of heaven Confucius comprehended was actually the inherent benevolence in his own heart,so the law of heaven is benevolence.Confucius founded a channel that people could experience benevolence with their affection,and then cultivated human nature by“guiding the affection”.The connotation of human-centered“Tao”in view of life is that“gentle man can promote the Tao”.Confucius understood the common nature of human in the reflection of connecting heaven with man(“Nature is similar”).He further discovered the potentiality of individual life value in his educational practice(“Habit makes the difference”).Confucius interpreted the origin and destination of the life value with his life practice of“learning leads to knowing”and“gentle man must be magnanimous and tough”.

关 键 词：道不远人 孔子 哲学教育 人文主义 

分 类 号：G40-02[文化科学—教育学原理]