四川主产区不同品种青梅果实品质分析  

Analysis on Fruit Quality of Different Varieties of Prunus mume in Sichuan

作　　者：蒋维 舒晓燕[1] 王玉霞 唐志康[1] 梅国富 杨兴蓉 刘欣雨 侯大斌[1] JIANG Wei;SHU Xiaoyan;WANG Yuxia;TANG Zhikang;MEI Guofu;YANG Xingrong;LIU Xinyu;HOU Dabin(School of Life Science and Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621000,China;Dachuan District Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Dazhou City,Dazhou 635000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621000 [2]达州市达川区农业农村局,四川达州635000

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2023年第16期321-330,共10页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：四川省重大科技专项(2019ZDZX0003)。

摘　　要：为比较四川青梅主栽品种间果实品质的差异,本文以主产区8个品种青梅为材料,分析青梅果实的理化指标、微量元素、总黄酮、总酚和有机酸的含量,采用主成分及聚类分析法对其进行综合评价;同时,利用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)检测并分析青梅挥发性风味成分。结果表明,不同品种青梅品质差异较大,其中达梅1号、平武南高、马边大白梅单果重均大于30 g,果肉率均大于90%,属于极大果;达梅2号蛋白质含量最高,为1.24 g/100 g FW;8个品种青梅糖酸比在0.25~0.58;大邑大青梅Fe元素含量最高,为187.28 mg/kg DW,达川、大邑、马边地区的5个品种青梅均有较高含量的Se元素,平均含量达0.28 mg/kg DW;大邑莺宿总黄酮和总酚含量均最高,分别为84.53和36.03 mg/g DW,显著高于其它品种(P<0.05);大邑大青梅柠檬酸含量最高414.23 mg/g,而平武杏梅苹果酸含量最高85.51 mg/g,平武南高琥珀酸及富马酸含量均最高,分别为54.15和0.79 mg/g DW。8个品种青梅共检测出81种挥发性物质,共有物质9种,其中大邑莺宿和平武南高醛类物质占比最高,主要为正己醛和2-己烯醛,而其余六个品种青梅酯类物质占比最高,尤以乙酸丁酯为主。综上,马边县及平武县的4个品种青梅适合制成乌梅,大邑莺宿、大邑大青梅和达梅2号适合精深加工,而达梅1号是食用加工的优良品种。To compare the quality differences of Prunus mume from main producing areas of Sichuan Province,related basic physio-chemical properties,trace elements,total flavonoids,total phenols and organic acids contents were determined.Furthermore,the volatile flavor components of Prunus mume were analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME)coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Additionally,principal component and cluster analysis were applied to compare and sort the 8 varieties of Prunus mume samples based on the quality data.The results revealed significant differences in the fruit quality of 8 cultivars of Prunus mume.Among them,the single fruit weight of Damei No.1,Pingwu Nangao and Mabian Dabaimei was more than 30 g,and the flesh rate was more than 90%,which belonged to the extremely large fruit in Prunus mume,the maximum protein content of Damei No.2 was 1.24 g/100 g FW,the sugar acid ratio of 8 varieties of Prunus mume was 0.25~0.58,the content of Fe in Dayi Daqingmei was the highest,which was 187.28 mg/kg DW.The five varieties of Prunus mume in Dachuan,Dayi and Mabian had higher content of Se,with an average content of 0.28 mg/kg DW.The contents of total flavonoids and total phenols in Dayi Yingsu were the highest,which were 84.53 and 36.03 mg/g DW,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of other varieties(P<0.05).The highest citric acid content of Dayi Daqingmei was 414.23 mg/g,and the highest malic acid content of Pingwu apricot was 85.51 mg/g.The contents of high succinic acid and fumaric acid in Pingwu Nangao were the highest,which were 54.15 and 0.79 mg/g DW,respectively.A total of 81 volatile substances were detected in 8 varieties of Prunus mume,and 9 common substances were detected.Among them,Yingsu and Nangao had the highest proportion of aldehydes,mainly hexanal and 2-hexenal,while the other six varieties of Prunus mume had the highest proportion of esters,especially butyl acetate.In summary,the four varieties of Prunus mume in Mabian County and Pingwu Coun

关 键 词：四川 青梅 品种 理化品质 微量元素 风味物质 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TS255.2[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]