日语“程度副词+名词”构式研究  

A Study on the Construction of"Degree Adverb+Noun"in Japanese

作　　者：冯锶宇 Feng Siyu(Beijing Language and Culture University,China)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学外国语学部

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2023年第3期39-53,共15页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

摘　　要：程度副词主要修饰形容词和动词,也可以修饰一部分名词。文章基于程度语义学和构式语法理论,对日语“程度副词+名词”构式进行了定量考察和定性分析。研究发现:(1)该构式可分为3个次类“:程度副词+时空名词”“、程度副词+相对量名词”“、程度副词+性状名词”,各次类中的名词都具有程度性,因此可受程度副词修饰;(2)“程度副词+性状名词”构式呈现出连续性特征:随着性状名词的形容词性递减,名词的性状义与其原义之间的关联性递减。名词的性状义与其原义之间的关联性越弱,性状义的解读越难,名词越不易受程度副词修饰,越需要语境作为补充,越需要程度副词标记该解读,程度副词越不可省略。Degree Adverbs mainly modify adjectives and verbs,as well as some nouns.Based on the theory of Degree Semantics and Construction Grammar,this paper qualitatively and quantitatively studies the construction of"Degree Adverb+Noun"in Japanese.The findings are as follows:(1)The constructions can be divided into three subcategories:"Degree Adverb+Space-Time Noun""Degree Adverb+Relative Quantitative Noun"and"Degree Adverb+Character Noun".Nouns in each subcategory are gradable,so they can be modified by degree adverbs.(2)The construction of"Degree Adverb+Character Noun"exhibits continuity:as the adjective nature of character nouns decreases,the relevance between the meaning of"property and state"and its original meaning decreases.The weaker the relevance between the two,the more difficult it is to associate the meaning of"property and state"and the more difficult nouns are to be modified by degree adverbs.What is more,additional context is needed as a supplement under this condition.For the same reason,the more necessary the degree adverbs are to mark this interpretation,and the less the degree to which adverbs can be omitted.

关 键 词：程度副词+名词 程度性 形容词性 词汇压制 转喻 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]