建构心智化课堂:认知工具的视角  

Constructing of A Mentalizing Classroom: A Cognitive Gadgets Theory Perspective

作　　者：陈巍 孙洋洋[2] 潘亚峰[3,4] Chen Wei;Sun Yangyang;Pan Yafeng

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院心理学系 [2]绍兴文理学院大脑、心智与教育研究中心,浙江绍兴312000 [3]浙江大学 [4]浙江大学心理与行为科学系,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《远程教育杂志》2023年第4期11-26,共16页Journal of Distance Education

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“他心直接感知的神经哲学进路研究”(项目编号:21BZX005);浙江省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“幼儿叙事观点的读心机制研究”(项目编号:21NDQN281YB)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人类文化认知的独特性使得人类成为拥有社会互动和文化传承的心智化群体,人类天生具备在社交过程中加工处理社会信息的能力。伴随学校教育兴起,这种社会物种的天性却被越来越多的规训束缚而得不到释放,以致传统课堂的互动空间无法满足心智化发展的需求。如何在课堂教学中顺应人类的社交天性?文化进化心理学家海斯的认知工具理论提供了认识论框架,将心智化系统视作一种文化进化产物的认知工具集成,进而启发我们将社会动机、模仿、读心与叙事等“认知机制之磨”融入课堂的学与教。该范型将有归属感的社会性学习者、交互式的学习过程、为教而学的学习方式以及作为社会叙事的学习内容四大要素耦合起来,有助于生成一种“心智化课堂”,以释放课堂教学的社交天性。未来的研究可结合计算建模对认知工具和社会学习过程进行整合,在自然情境中革新心智化课堂范式,并关注心智化课堂中学习不良者的甄别和干预。Distinctive cognitive mechanisms make humans a mentalized group that can be involved in both social interactions and cultural inheritance.There appears to be a gift for processing social information from others.As formal education flourished,this social nature was kept from being released from the complexities of disciplines,making traditional teaching interactions fail to meet the needs of the mentalizing system.This study focuses on how to benefit from this nature of schooling.Inspired by cognitive gadgets theory,we suggest that the mentalizing system is a collection of cognitive gadgets,and integrates the“cognitive mills”such as social motivation,imitation,mind reading,and narrative into learning and teaching.Therefore,we are constructing a model of“a mentalizing classroom”,which is composed of learners with a sense of belonging,interactive learning,learning for teaching,and narrative will be coupled well to positively contribute to the nature.Further studies could integrate the cognitive gadgets and social learning of computational modeling to innovate the mentalizing classroom in a realistic situation.This enables us to identify those who were academically disadvantaged and helps them to avoid risks in learning.

关 键 词：文化学习 认知工具 社会脑 心智化课堂 第二人称神经科学 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]