王阳明的良知天道一体论及其内蕴的幸福观  

Wang Yangmin’s theory on the unity of conscience and the way of heaven

作　　者：傅锡洪 FU Xi-hong

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第4期20-28,154,共10页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清朱子学通史”(21&ZD051)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：王阳明不仅把良知视为善恶的准则以及好善恶恶的能力,而且继承和发展周濂溪、程明道、陆象山等宋代以来儒者天人一体的思想,认为良知就是天道、天道就是良知。这意味着良知本来就并非专属于个人而是还可以指天道,人的良知只是天道在人身上的发露、展现。良知与天道是一体的关系。良知天道一体论的最终意义在于说明,人不仅可以无事一身轻,而且也可以有事还一身轻。致良知的最大收获就是轻松自在、其乐无穷,像天道一样使万物生生不息,而又自然而然、不感到压力和负担。这就已经是所有人都有可能获得的最大幸福,应该用这个最大的幸福来劝人致良知。Wang Yangming not only considers the conscience(liangzhi)as the criterion of good and evil and the ability to discern between them,but also develops the idea of the unity of heaven and man from Confucian philosophers such as Zhou Lianxi,Cheng Mingdao,and Lu Xiangshan in the Song Dynasty.He believes that the conscience is the same as the way of heaven,and vice versa.This means that the conscience is not exclusively individual but can also refer to the way of heaven.The former is just the manifestation of the latter in a person.The ultimate significance of the unity of conscience and the way of heaven is to illustrate that a person can not only be free from worries but can also be carefree even in the face of difficulties.The greatest benefit of cultivating conscience is to be at ease and joyful,like the way of heaven,which,although giving birth to all things,does so naturally without feeling pressure or burden.This is already the greatest happiness that everyone can potentially attain,and it should be used to encourage people to develop their conscience.

关 键 词：良知 天道 天人一体 自然 幸福 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]