刘佛年的全面发展教育观  

LIU Fonian's View of Comprehensive Development of Education

作　　者：孙德玉[1] 朱晗 SUN Deyu;ZHU Han(School of Educational Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,Anhui,China,241000)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学教育科学学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2023年第5期45-55,共11页Tribune of Education Culture

摘　　要：全面发展是教育学最基本的规律,是不可回避的教育基本问题。人的全面发展既是社会发展的前提,也是社会发展的目标。促进人的全面发展是社会主义的本质要求。如何实现人的全面发展?当代中国著名教育家刘佛年结合全面发展教育的实践问题提出了八对矛盾关系。这八对矛盾关系主要来自全面发展教育的五个方面:第一,在前提条件上存在着社会需要与学生实际的矛盾关系;第二,在培养目标上存在着全面发展与培养专长的矛盾关系;第三,在各育关系上存在着独立性与联系性的矛盾关系;第四,在各育内涵理解上存在着学与思、知与行、一个真理与百家争鸣、集体与个人的矛盾关系;第五,在实施过程中存在着需要与可能的矛盾关系。这些矛盾常常以冲突的形式出现在全面发展的教育实践中,教育者应该看到矛盾的对立性和统一性,并努力实现两者的有机结合。刘佛年关于全面发展教育中八对矛盾关系的阐释,对于新时代实施全面发展教育仍具有重要的借鉴价值。Comprehensive development is the most basic law of pedagogy and the basic problem of education that cannot be avoided.People's comprehensive development is not only the premise of social development,but also the goal of social development.Promoting people's comprehensive development is the essential requirement of socialism.How to realize people's comprehensive development?Liu Fonian,a famous contemporary Chinese educator,put forward eight pairs of contradictions in combination with the practical problems of the comprehensive development of education.These eight pairs mainly come from the following aspects:on the premise,the contradiction between social needs and students'real situations;the contradiction between comprehensive development and training expertise regrading training objectives;the contradiction between independence and connection among different aspects of education;in the understanding of the connotation of different aspects of education,the contradictions between learning and thinking,knowledge and action,one truth and a hundred schools of thought,and collective and individual;and the contradiction between needs and possibilities in the implementation process.Though these contradictions often appear in the form of conflict in the educational practice of comprehensive development,educators should not only see the opposition of contradictions,but also the unity of contradictions,and strive to realize the organic combination of the two.Liu Fonian's interpretation of the eight pairs of contradictions in comprehensive development of education still provide important reference value for the implementation of comprehensive development of education in the new era.

关 键 词：刘佛年 全面发展教育 矛盾关系 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]