我国小学语文教科书灾害书写的百年变迁  

Hundred-Year Changes of Disaster Education on Chinese Language Textbooks for Primary Schools in China

作　　者：马英[1] MA Ying(School of Chinese and Literature language,Hubei University of Education,Wuhan 430205,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北第二师范学院文学院,武汉430205

出　　处：《湖北第二师范学院学报》2023年第7期89-93,共5页Journal of Hubei University of Education

基　　金：2018年度湖北省高校重点人文基地湖北第二师范学院湖北方言文化研究中心项目“百年中小学语文教材与灾害书写”(2018FYY003);2020年度湖北第二师范学院教研课题“基于专业认证标准的高师院校与中学的深度融合研究”(X2020012)。

摘　　要：语文教材丰富的选文是灾害教育的重要载体,它能生动展现人类与洪水、干旱、地震、冰灾、风灾、海啸、瘟疫、虫灾等大自然灾害斗争的历史。从灾害类型上来看,民国时期的语文教科书有很多关于传染病的选文,统编小学语文教材中比较少见。从救灾主体来看,民国时期的语文教材有少量选文的救灾主体为孩童,统编语文教材选文的救灾主体以成人为主。民国语文教科书更关注受灾主体的外在行为,统编语文教科书更关注受灾主体内心世界。百年教科书的编辑理念会呈现出从知识普及到文化传承的编辑理念的变化。语文教学中根据选文特点适当渗透灾害教育,有助于提高学生防灾减灾意识,促进学生全方位成长。The rich selection of Chinese language textbooks is an important carrier of disaster education,vividly showcasing the history of human struggles against natural disasters such as floods,droughts,earthquakes,ice disasters,wind disasters,tsunamis,plagues and insect infestations.From the perspective of disaster types,there were many selected articles on infectious diseases in Chinese language textbooks during the Republic of China period,while now it is relatively rare in the primary school Chinese language textbooks.From the perspective of disaster relief subjects,during the Republic of China period,there were a small number of selected Chinese textbooks with children as the disaster relief subjects,while the Chinese language textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China are mainly composed of adults as the disaster relief subjects.The Chinese language textbooks of the Republic of China pay more attention to the external behavior of the affected subjects,while the unified Chinese language textbooks pay more attention to the inner world of the affected subjects.The editorial philosophy of the century-old textbook has also shown a change from knowledge popularization to cultural inheritance.The appropriate addition of disaster education based on the characteristics of selected texts in Chinese language teaching can help improve students’awareness of disaster prevention and reduction,and promote their all-round growth.

关 键 词：小学语文 教科书 灾害教育 

分 类 号：G624[文化科学—教育学]