纯粹理性如何训练自己?——“纯粹理性训练”读解  

How Does Pure Reason Discipline Itself——Interpretation of“the Discipline of Pure Reason”

作　　者：刘作 廖含茹 Liu Zuo;Liao Hanru

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系

出　　处：《德国哲学》2022年第2期36-51,314,315,共18页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“康德《伦理学讲义》的翻译与研究”(项目编号:22BZX078)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：康德在“纯粹理性的训练”中着重揭示了理性在理论运用中的思维结构及方法。这种思维结构及方法以符合范畴的方式显露出来。从量的范畴来看,纯粹理性试图对自己的对象给出定义;从质的范畴来看,纯粹理性对它的对象做出肯定或者否定的判断;从关系的范畴来看,纯粹理性为了解释现象,需要提出假设;从模态的范畴来看,纯粹理性要对自己所提出来的综合命题给出证明,说明这些命题具有必然性。纯粹理性的训练需要理性自我认识,区分形而上学和数学,不能把数学的方法运用到形而上学上。纯粹理性的训练起到承上启下的作用,既是对前面“要素论”在方法论上的反思,又为纯粹理性进入实践运用的法规奠定了基础。In“the Discipline of Pure Reason”,Kant emphatically revealed the thinking structure and method of reason in his theoretical application.This thinking structure and its method are revealed in a way consistent with the category.From the category of quantity,pure reason tries to define its own object.From the perspective of qualitative category,pure reason makes a positive or negative judgment on its object.From the perspective of the category of relationship,pure rationality needs to put forward assumptions in order to explain the phenomenon.From the category of modes,pure reason should prove the comprehensive propositions put forward by itself,which shows that these propositions are necessity.The discipline of pure reason requires self-knowledge of reason,and to distinguish Metaphysics from mathematics.Mathematical methods cannot be applied to metaphysics.The discipline of pure reason plays a connecting role,which is not only a reflection on the methodology of the previous“Transcendental Doctrine of Elements”,but also lays a foundation for the canon for the practical application of pure reason.

关 键 词：训练 范畴 形而上学 数学 法规 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]