道砟冲击下高速列车设备舱底板的动态响应  

Dynamic Response of Equipment Cabin Bottom Plate of High-Speed Train Subjected to Ballast Impact

作　　者：鲁渴伟 敬霖[1] LU Kewei;JING Lin(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031

出　　处：《高压物理学报》2023年第4期109-121,共13页Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12122211)。

摘　　要：考虑道砟真实的不规则几何形态特征与材料的应变率效应及失效行为,建立了道砟冲击高速列车设备舱底板的有限元模型,分析了设备舱前面板横向和纵向中心线节点的挠度时程响应,探究了设备舱底板与道砟间接触力的演化规律,讨论了冲击速度、冲击角度和道砟形状对设备舱底板冲击响应和破坏行为的影响,分析了不同工况下设备舱底板的失效模式和破坏形貌特征,量化了设备舱前面板的最大瞬态变形位移和凹坑深度与冲击速度的变化关系。结果表明,同一冲击工况下,设备舱底板最大瞬态变形位移和凹坑深度均分别随着冲击速度的提高和冲击角度的增大而增大;设备舱前面板最大变形区域的形状和范围大小以及前面板损伤失效区域的面积和分布特征与道砟几何形状密切相关,且椭球体道砟作用下列车设备舱底板的损伤失效最严重;不同冲击条件下设备舱前面板表现出不同程度的延性损伤,较大的道砟质量和冲击速度工况下还出现拉伸撕裂破坏甚至轻微冲塞现象。Considering the real irregular geometrical characteristics of ballast and strain rate effect and failure behavior of material,finite element models of ballast impact on equipment cabin bottom plate of high-speed trains was established,and the deflection history response of transverse and longitudinal centerline nodes of equipment cabin front face sheet was analyzed.The history evolution regulation of contact force between equipment cabin bottom plate and ballast was investigated,and the effects of impact velocity,impact angle and ballast shape on impact response and damage behavior of equipment cabin bottom plate were also discussed,the failure mode and damage morphology characteristics of equipment cabin bottom plate under different conditions were analyzed,the relationship between the maximum transient deformation displacement as well as pit depth and impact velocity were quantified.The results show that,under the same impact condition,the maximum transient deformation displacement and pit depth of equipment cabin bottom plate increase with the increase of impact velocity and impact angle separately;the shape and size of maximum deformation zone of front face sheet of equipment cabin,and the area and distribution characteristics of front face sheet damage failure region are closely related to ballast shapes,the most severe damage failure occurs in ellipsoid ballast conditions;equipment cabin bottom plate under different impact conditions shows different degrees of ductile damage,and the larger ballast mass and impact velocity conditions also show tensile tear damage or even slight punching plug phenomenon.

关 键 词：高速列车 道砟 设备舱 夹芯结构 变形失效特性 

分 类 号：O347.1[理学—固体力学] U270.2[理学—力学]