数字化转型背景下员工年龄与任务绩效关系研究:主动性行为及工作性质的作用  

How Employees'Age Impacts Their Task Performance in the Context of Digital Transformation:The Role of Proactive Behavior and Job Nature

作　　者：许志星[1] 刘成祥 何培旭 Zhixing XU;Chengxiang LIU;Peixu HE(Business School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;School of Business,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875 [2]华侨大学工商管理学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2023年第8期23-36,共14页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71802022);教育部人文社会科学基金(18YJC630217)。

摘　　要：随着中国老龄化现象的加重及延迟退休政策的实施,中老年群体在就业人群中所占的比例越来越大。在人口逐渐老龄化的同时,企业数字化转型同样方兴未艾。数字技术的普及为中老年员工带来工作便利,但也带来了诸多挑战。本文基于选择优化补偿(SOC)理论构建了一个有调节的链式中介模型,年龄通过信息处理速度及主动性行为影响工作绩效,同时工作性质对这一影响路径起到调节作用。研究1对234名员工的网络问卷调查结果表明:随着年龄的增大,中老年员工的信息处理速度将会下降,但他们可以通过主动性行为来补偿这一损失,最终将任务绩效保持在稳定水平甚至更高程度。研究2对某科技企业生产基地163名员工开展问卷调查和信息信息处理速度测试,进一步表明工作性质正向调节信息处理速度对主动性行为的负向作用。本研究为揭示数字化环境下中老年员工维持自身工作绩效提供了思路,也为员工职业生涯规划以及企业数字化转型提供了理论和实践启示。In the recent years,with the aging of population and the implementation of"postponed retirement"policy,the middle-aged cohort accounts for an increasingly large proportion of workforce.Meanwhile,the popularization of digital technology brings more challenges to middle-aged employees.In order to study whether middle-aged employees can have the same work competence with their younger counterparts under the challenges and stresses brought by the digital context,drawing upon performance theory,information-processing speed theory,and Selection-Optimization-Compensation(SOC)theory,our study explores the mechanism and conditions of the effect of age on task performance.The results have been supported by two empirical studies.In Study 1,results from an online survey of 234 employees with different ages in various industries showed that middleaged workers'fluid intelligence deteriorated with the aging process;however,they could compensate for the loss by performing proactive behaviors so as to eventually maintain or even enhance their task performance level.In Study 2,we conducted a survey and an information processing speed test on 163 employees with different ages and work roles in a manufacture base of a technology company.Results from Study 2 further demonstrated that the nature of work positively moderates the relationship between information processing speed and proactive behavior.This study provides ideas for middle-aged and elderly employees to maintain their work performance under the digital environment,and also provides theoretical and practical enlightenment for employees'career planning and enterprises'digital transformation.

关 键 词：中老年员工 信息处理速度 主动性行为 任务绩效 选择优化补偿理论 

分 类 号：F272.92[经济管理—企业管理] F49[经济管理—国民经济]