不同提取方法对辣木籽原油和精炼油品质的影响  

Effect of different extraction methods on the quality of crude oil and refined oil from Moringa oleifera seed

作　　者：王标诗 杜京蔚 刘淑敏 张世奇 胡小军 彭元怀 江敏 张卫国 WANG Biaoshi;DU Jingwei;LIU Shumin;ZHANG Shiqi;HU Xiaojun;PENG Yuanhuai;JIANG Min;ZHANG Weiguo(School of Food Science and Engineering,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Development and Utilization of Moringa oleifera,Zhanjiang 524048,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院食品科学与工程学院,广东湛江524048 [2]广东省辣木资源开发与利用工程技术研究中心,广东湛江524048

出　　处：《中国油脂》2023年第6期24-28,31,共6页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2022A1515010360);湛江市科技发展专项资金竞争性分配项目(2022A01056)。

摘　　要：为探索辣木籽油的高效提取方法,以辣木籽为原料,分别采用索氏抽提法、乙醇水法和水酶法提取辣木籽原油,通过脱胶、脱酸工艺制备辣木籽精炼油,测定辣木籽原油和精炼油的理化指标、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量及脂肪酸组成,分析不同提取方法对辣木籽原油和精炼油品质的影响。结果表明:乙醇水法对辣木籽油的气味有一定影响,3种提取方法对辣木籽原油和精炼油的色泽和透明度影响不大;3种提取方法中,水酶法辣木籽原油的酸值,其原油和精炼油的碘值、水分及挥发物含量均最大,氧化诱导时间最长,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量最低;3种提取方法对辣木籽油的脂肪酸组成及相对含量无显著影响(p>0.05)。综上,3种提取方法中水酶法提取的辣木籽油的品质总体上较优。To explore the efficient extraction method of Moringa oleifera seed oil,Moringa oleifera seed crude oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method,ethanol-water method and aqueous enzyme method,respectively,and Moringa oleifera seed refined oil was prepared by degumming and deacidification process.The physicochemical indexes,chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and fatty acid composition of Moringa oleifera seed crude oil and refined oil were determined to analyze the effects of different extraction methods on the quality of Moringa oleifera seed crude oil and refined oil.The results showed that the color and transparency of the crude oil and refined oil were not significantly affected by the three extraction methods,and the ethanol-water method had some effect on the odor of the crude oil and refined oil.Among the three extraction methods,the acid value of the crude oil extracted by aqueous enzyme method,iodine value,moisture and volatile matter contents of the crude oil and refined oil extracted by aqueous enzyme method were the largest,the oxidation induction time was the longest,and the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were the lowest.The fatty acid composition and relative content of Moringa oleifera seed oil were not significantly affected by the three extraction methods(p>0.05).In conclusion,the quality of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted by aqueous enzyme method is generally superior among the three extraction methods.

关 键 词：辣木籽油 索氏抽提法 乙醇水法 水酶法 脱胶和脱酸 精炼油 

分 类 号：TS224[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TQ644[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]