论儒家哲学的生命信仰——以孔颜之乐为中心  

On the Life Belief of Confucian Philosophy-Focusing on the Joy of Confucius and Yan Hui

作　　者：张培高 Zhang Peigao

机构地区：[1]四川大学哲学系,四川成都610065

出　　处：《中州学刊》2023年第9期114-120,共7页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“创造性转化与创新性发展视野下的中华生命智慧研究”(22ZDA082)。

摘　　要：随着阅历的增加及修养的进一步提升,晚年的孔子有“其为人也,学道不倦,诲人不厌,发愤忘食,乐以忘忧,不知老之将至”之论。这里的“乐”当然是因“学道”“诲人”带来的。这其实就是孔颜之乐的内涵,即把对“道”的学习与追求,内化为生命的信仰,而后又用于指导实践。这一生命的信仰超越了功名利禄,故能收拾人心。具体地说,从三个方面影响了士人的行为:第一,给予士人生命的意义。第二,给予士人人生的前进动力。第三,给予士人学术的方向。这一思想对后世有深远的影响。无论是乐广的“名教中自有乐地”还是范仲淹的“瓢思颜子心还乐”皆是对这一思想的继承,并深深地影响了当时及后来的士人。宋明理学的主题其实也由范仲淹开启。With the increase of experiences and further development of the self-cultivation,Confucius in his later years said,“He is simply a man,who in his eager pursuit of knowledge teaches tirelessly and forgets his food,who in the joy of its attainment forgets his sorrows,and who does not perceive that old age is coming on.”In this saying,joy results from learning Dao and teaching,which are in fact the contents of the joy for Confucius and Yan Hui:internalizing the learning and pursuing Dao into the life belief,and putting them into practice.This life belief overcomes various desires such as success,fame,benefit,and emoluments,and hence can regulate the heart-mind.More specifically,this belief can influence the behaviors of official-scholars from three aspects:first,endowing the life of official-scholars with significance;second,endowing the life of official-scholars with motivation;and third,endowing the learning of official-scholars with direction.This belief profoundly influences the history of Chinese thought.Both Le Guang’s saying of“in the Confucius teaching necessarily exists the joyful place”and Fan Zhongyan’s“I hope I could be as joyful in dire situations as Yanhui”followed this belief and deeply influenced official-scholars in their times and afterwards.Fan Zhongyan was also the first presenting the central theme for Song-Ming Neo-Confucianism.

关 键 词：儒家 生命信仰 孔颜之乐 名教 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]