云南省小学和初中生膳食质量状况  

Diet quality of primary and secondary school students in Yunnan Province

作　　者：冉飞 字芬湖 路西洋 毛勇军 穆德宇 张顺军 岳鑫尉 蔡和家 杨文粉 王航平[1] RAN Fei;ZI Fenhu;LU Xiyang;MAO Yongjun;MU Deyu;ZHANG Shunjun;YUE Xinwei;CAI Hejia;YANG Wenfen;WANG Hangping(School of Physical Education,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming(650500),China;不详)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学体育学院,昆明650500 [2]广西师范大学体育与健康学院 [3]昆明滇池国家旅游度假区大渔幼儿园

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第7期985-990,共6页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：云南省哲学社会科学规划项目(YB2020097);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023Y0583)。

摘　　要：目的了解云南省儿童青少年的膳食营养现状及其膳食营养存在的问题,为针对性制定云南省儿童青少年膳食营养干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2022年8—11月选取云南省6个地级市的1078名小学和初中学生作为研究对象,在3 d 24 h膳食调查基础上,应用中国儿童膳食指数(2016)(CCDI-2016)对其膳食质量进行评价。结果云南省儿童青少年的总膳食指数得分M(P25,P75)为62.63(54.57,71.19)。整体在谷类、蛋类和含糖饮料上基本达到推荐摄入量,膳食指数得分依次为9.91(8.24,10.00)、5.58(0,8.58)、9.20(7.38,10.00);蔬菜、豆类、饮水量、维生素A和膳食纤维摄入不足,得分依次为5.63(4.09,7.59)、3.48(0,9.70)、4.23(2.67,5.50)、2.33(1.56,3.53)、3.19(1.63,5.67);水果、奶类和水产品严重缺乏,得分依次为0(0,1.74)、0(0,2.37)、0(0,9.85);禽肉类摄入过量,膳食指数得分为0(0,2.46)。分层分析表明,11~13岁儿童青少年的总膳食指数得分最高[65.35(54.29,72.03)],其次7~10岁[63.46(56.19,72.63)],14~17岁最低[59.07(51.15,68.30)](H=32.23,P<0.01),女生高于男生[64.20(56.12,72.56),59.32(52.60,69.72),Z=-5.16,P<0.01],城镇高于农村[65.30(54.84,73.62),62.17(54.31,70.70),Z=-2.11,P<0.05],父、母学历水平越高的膳食指数得分也越高(H值分别为27.68,22.58,P值均<0.01);各民族比较中,佤族儿童青少年的总膳食指数得分最高,哈尼族最低(H=27.51,P<0.01)。结论云南省儿童青少年整体膳食质量不高,膳食营养失衡情况较为突出,膳食结构亟待调整优化。应重点关注儿童青少年的蔬果类、奶豆类以及水产品摄入不足和禽肉类摄入过量的问题。Objective To evaluate diet quality and related problems among children and adolescents in Yunnan Province,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of targeted dietary interventions for children and adolescents in this region.Methods Using a stratified random sampling method,1078 primary and secondary school students from six prefecture-level cities in Yunnan Province were selected from August to November 2022.Dietary quality was evaluated by applying the China Children's Dietary Index(CCDI-2016)on the basis of a 3 d 24 h dietary survey.Results The total dietary index score of children and adolescents in Yunnan Province was 62.63(54.57,71.19).The overall recommended intakes were largely achieved by consumption of cereals,eggs and sugary drinks,with dietary index scores of 9.91(8.24,10.00),5.58(0,8.58)and 9.20(7.38,10.00),respectively;there were inadequate intakes of vegetables,legumes,water,vitamin A and dietary fiber,with scores of 5.63(4.09,7.59),3.48(0,9.70),4.23(2.67,5.50),2.33(1.56,3.53),3.19(1.63,5.67),respectively;intake of fruits,dairy and aquatic products were severely deficient,with scores of 0(0,1.74),0(0,2.37),0(0,9.85),respectively;excessive intake of meat was found,with a dietary index score of 0(0,2.46).The stratified analysis showed that children and adolescents aged 11-13 years had the highest total dietary scores[65.35(54.29,72.03)],followed by those aged 7-10 years[63.46(56.19,72.63)],while the 14-17 year-old age-group had the lowest scores[59.07(51.15,68.30),H=32.23,P<0.01].Girls had higher total dietary scores than that of boys[64.20(56.12,72.56),59.32(52.60,69.72),Z=-5.16,P<0.01],while urban children and adolescents had higher total dietary scores than rural children and adolescents[65.30(54.84,73.62),62.17(54.31,70.70),Z=-2.11,P<0.05].Furthermore,higher total dietary index scores were observed among children and adolescents whose parents had a higher educational level(H=27.68,22.58,P<0.01).The comparison of ethnic groups revealed that the Wa children and adolescents had th

关 键 词：膳食调查 营养状况 儿童 青少年 少数民族 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]