宁波市中小学生营养午餐剩餐情况及影响因素分析  

School lunch leftovers of primary and middle school students and its influencing factors in Ningbo

作　　者：徐典 高华[1] 蒋丹捷 张琰[1] XU Dian;GAO Hua;JIANG Danjie;ZHANG Yan(Food Safety Institute/School Health Institute,Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Ningbo(315010),Zhejiang Province,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波市疾病预防控制中心食品安全所/学校卫生科,浙江315010

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2023年第7期995-999,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的分析宁波市中小学生营养午餐剩餐情况及剩餐行为的影响因素,为制定改善营养餐质量、降低剩餐率的政策提供依据。方法2022年3—5月,在宁波市10个区县(市)抽取20所中小学校,选取小学四至六年级、初中一至三年级4443名学生进行问卷调查,获取学生一般情况和剩餐情况。结果学生总剩餐率为62.4%,7.9%的学生每天都剩饭,18.3%的学生每天都剩菜,小学生剩饭频率低于初中生(χ^(2)=-2.18,P<0.05)。68.3%的学生剩饭量只有一点点,49.4%的学生剩菜量为一小半,小学生剩饭和剩菜量较大的人数比例小于初中生(χ^(2)值分别为-2.05,-2.36,P值均<0.05)。学生剩饭的主要原因是“量太大吃不完”(占30.6%),小学生和初中生的剩饭和剩菜原因差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为16.94,14.28,P值均<0.05)。蔬菜剩餐率最高(54.5%),奶类剩餐率最低(2.5%)。多因素Logistic回归模型显示,近1年上过营养与食品相关课程、听说过《中国居民膳食指南》、对食堂饭菜满意度越满意(一般、比较满意、非常满意)、认为学校食堂饭菜优于家里饭菜(差不多、比家里好)的学生剩餐可能性小(OR值分别为0.79,0.73,0.57,0.41,0.26,0.69,0.82,P值均<0.05);供餐方式为自己选择后由老师盛、老师分餐及吃零食频率高(4~6次/周、1次/d、2次/d、≥3次/d)的学生剩餐可能性大(OR值分别为1.64,2.23,1.27,1.21,1.52,1.44,P值均<0.05)。结论中小学生剩餐率较高,应该优化营养午餐配置,加强营养知识宣教。Objective To analyze the situation and associated factors of school lunch leftovers of primary and middle school students in Ningbo,so as to provide a basis for formulating policies to improve the quality of nutritious meals and reduce the leftover meal rates.Methods During March to May of 2022,20 primary and middle schools were selected from 10 districts in Ningbo,and 4443 students were selected from grade 4 to 6 of primary school and grade 1 to 3 of middle school.A questionnaire was conducted among them for the students'general situation and remaining meal situation.Results The total leftover rate was 62.4%,7.9%of the students left rice every day,and 18.3%of the students left vegetables every day.The frequency of primary school students'leftover food was lower than that of junior high school students(χ^(2)=-2.18,P<0.05).Most of the students(68.3%)had only a little leftover food,half of the students(49.4%)had less than half leftovers,and the proportion of primary school students with large leftover food and leftovers was smaller than that of junior high school students(χ^(2)=-2.05,-2.36,P<0.05).The main reason for students'leftover food was"too much to eat"(accounting for 30.6%),and there was a statistical difference between primary school students and junior high school students in the composition of leftover food and leftovers(χ^(2)=16.94,14.28,P<0.05).The leftover rate of vegetables was the highest(54.5%)and the leftover rate of milk was the lowest(2.5%).Multivariate Logistic regression model showed that nutrition and food-related courses during recent year,being aware the Chinese residents dietary guidelines,statisfaction with canteen food(general,more satisfied,very satisfied),reckoning school canteen food better than home food(almost,better than home)were less possibility to have leftover meals(OR=0.79,0.73,0.57,0.41,0.26,0.69,0.82,P<0.05).Students chosed the meal after the teacher served the meal,the teacher divided meals and students who ate more frequently(4-6 times/week,1 time/d,2 times/d,≥3 times

关 键 词：饮食习惯 食品服务 回归分析 学生 

分 类 号：R151.42[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R153.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] G478[文化科学—教育学]