清代教师惩戒权的文化内涵与制度特征  

Teachers’Disciplinary Power in Qing Dynasty:Cultural Connotation and Institutional Characteristics

作　　者：施克灿[1] 程春玉 SHI Kecan;CHENG Chunyu(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2023年第5期22-27,共6页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“中国教师资格的历史沿革研究”(17YJA880064)。

摘　　要：清代教师惩戒权在继承历代制度的基础上得以完善,适用范围广、可操作性强,且具有相关保障机制。清代教师惩戒规则是一种“儒法并存”的教化设计,将“克己复礼”的儒家伦理教化思想与法家法制、刑罚治理思想相结合,将教师惩戒权列于“天地君亲师”的精神信仰序列之中。同时,传统因果报应思想也为教师惩戒权提供了一定的正当性。此三者构成了清代教师惩戒权的独特内涵,并彰显了“儒表法里”“鼓励自新”“政教合一”“师道尊严”等鲜明的特征。Inheriting the systems of previous dynasties,the disciplinary power of teachers was enhanced in the Qing Dynasty(1644 AD-1912 AD)with wide scope of application,good operability and related guarantee mechanism.Teachers’disciplinary rules in the Qing Dynasty were moral education design incorporating Confucianism and Legalism.They combined the Confucian thought on ethical education,which encourages“restraining oneself and restoring the rites,”with the Legalists’thought on the rule of law and the governance by criminal penalty.Teachers’disciplinary power was listed in the sequence of spiritual beliefs in the“Heaven,earth,monarch,parents,and teachers.”Meanwhile,the traditional karma thought also provided some legitimacy for teachers’disciplinary power.These three factors constitute the unique connotation of teachers’disciplinary power in the Qing Dynasty,and highlight the distinct characteristics of“Confucianism on the outside and Legalism on the inside,”“encouraging self⁃renewal,”“the integration of the power of secular government with the religious power,”and“the absolute authority of the teachers”and so on.

关 键 词：清代教师 教育惩戒 惩戒文化 制度特征 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]