日本国立大学法人化成效分析  

An Effectiveness Analysis of the Incorporation of National Universities in Japan

作　　者：李宗宸 沈敬轩 高益民[1] LI Zongchen;SHEN Jingxuan;GAO Yimin(Institute of International and Comparative Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,北京100875 [2]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2023年第8期3-19,共17页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：北京师范大学国际与比较教育研究院自设课题“日本高等教育高质量发展战略研究”(课题编号:2022IICEZS03)。

摘　　要：基于日本国立大学的公开数据与日本文部科学省的调查数据,以人才培养、师资队伍、科学研究、产学研合作、经费状况为评价维度,可以测算日本国立大学法人化改革前后15年间(1989-2020年)国立大学的发展状况,以考察国立大学法人化的成效。法人化后,日本国立大学人才培养投入增加,科学研究经费来源多元化程度得到提升,产学研合作迅速加快,政府财政负担呈下降趋势。但另一方面,日本国立大学教师继续面临着薪酬增长放缓、科研经费稳定性下降、教师队伍老龄化和近亲化等挑战。Using open data from Japan's national universities and survey data from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology,this study evaluates the development of national universities in Japan before and after the corporatization reform from 1989 to 2020,based on the dimensions of talent cultivation,faculty,scientific research,industry-university-research cooperation,and funding status.The study found that after corporatization,investment in talent cultivation in Japanese national universities increased,the diversity of funding sources for scientific research improved,industry-university-research cooperation accelerated rapidly,and the burden on government finances decreased.However,on the other hand,Japanese national university teachers continue to face challenges such as slowing salary growth,decreasing stability of research funding,aging and inbreeding of the faculty.

关 键 词：日本 国立大学 法人化改革 发展趋势 教育评价 教育政策 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学] G313[文化科学—教育学]