审美趣味取决于天资还是教育?——从趣味养成视角对美育合法性的考察  

An Investigation on the Legitimacy of Aesthetic Education from the Perspective of Aesthetic Taste Cultivation:Talent or Education

作　　者：黄仲山[1] HUANG Zhong-shan(Institute of Culture,Beijing Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市社会科学院文化研究所,北京100102

出　　处：《美育学刊》2023年第5期33-40,共8页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“美学与艺术学关键词研究”(17ZDA017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在西方美学史上,一直有审美趣味天资决定论和教育养成论两种观点,直接关乎美育的合法性问题,对美育的美学价值、社会价值认知以及方法的探索产生直接影响。由于中国近代以来美育被赋予教化国民的使命,因此许多美学学者虽吸收西方美学的“天才”理论来理解美学和艺术问题,但一般都强调美育对于趣味的塑造作用。审美趣味取决于天资还是教育,看似是美学和美育问题,实际上关联着文化权力的博弈,从而溢出为社会文化问题。在当下美育实践中,应该排除将天资精英化的观念,将天资理解为普通人也具有的天性,这样可以使美育结合天资和教育两方面因素,同时遵循审美规律和教育规律,从而解决美育的合法性以及科学性问题。In the history of Western aesthetics,there have always been two viewpoints:the theory of talent determinism of aesthetic taste and the theory of educational cultivation,which are directly related to the legitimacy of aesthetic education and have a direct impact on the exploration of aesthetic value,social value cognition and method of aesthetic education.Since aesthetic education in modern China has been entrusted with the mission of educating people,many aesthetic scholars have absorbed the“genius”theory of Western aesthetics to understand aesthetic and artistic issues,but generally emphasized the role of aesthetic education in shaping taste.Aesthetic taste depends on talent or education,which seems to be an issue of aesthetics and aesthetic education,but in fact it is related to the conflict of cultural power,which spills over into social and cultural issues.In the current practice of aesthetic education,the concept of elite should be excluded,and talent be understood as the nature of ordinary people,so that aesthetic education can combine the factors of talent and education,and follow the aesthetic law and the education law,so as to solve the legitimacy and scientific issues of aesthetic education.

关 键 词：审美趣味 天资 美育 文化权力 合法性 

分 类 号：G40-014[文化科学—教育学原理]