盾叶薯蓣制备薯蓣皂苷元方法的研究进展  

Preparation of Diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis: A Review

作　　者：张娟 黄凤玉 王庆婷 杨颜溶 杨静 雷敬卫 谢彩侠 ZHANG Juan;HUANG Fengyu;WANG Qingting;YANG Yanrong;YANG Jing;LEI Jingwei;XIE Caixia(School of Pharmacy,Henan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Quality Control and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Henan University of Chinese Medicine,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院,河南省中药质量控制与评价工程技术研究中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第20期274-282,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：河南省高等学校重点科研计划项目(23A360003)。

摘　　要：传统工业广泛采用直接酸水解盾叶薯蓣根茎制备薯蓣皂苷元,该方法大量使用无机酸催化剂,废水排放量大,环境污染严重。因此,探寻清洁、高效的制备方法和工艺成为实现薯蓣皂苷元工业生产可持续发展的必然选择。故笔者综述并分析了近10年来酶水解、微生物转化及改进酸水解等方法在盾叶薯蓣制备薯蓣皂苷元中的研究进展及存在问题,并展望了其应用前景。酶水解反应条件温和,但薯蓣皂苷元产率低、经济成本高、活性酶纯化过程复杂。微生物特异性好,转化效率高、转化过程清洁环保,但转化周期长,代谢产物复杂。改进酸水解法中,双相酸水解工艺优势在于酸使用量减少,磺酸功能化离子液体催化优势在于可代替无机酸,循环性能良好,但二者均无法避免废液排放,固体酸催化剂无腐蚀性,易回收,但需使用乙醇作为反应溶剂具有一定安全隐患,且催化剂制备过程繁琐。综上所述,探索清洁高效的转化方法是盾叶薯蓣制备薯蓣皂苷元的重要发展趋势。对于酶水解法,应深入探寻生物转化过程中的关键糖苷水解酶,充分阐明酶解皂苷的转化路径及酶特异性,着力提高酶水解效率;对于微生物转化法,以选育高效转化菌株为基础,优化稳定的转化体系和转化过程,加快推动微生物转化的工业应用进程,深入探究生物转化机制,充分阐明特异性关键水解酶及其催化特性,着力提高生物转化效率;对于改进酸水解法,探索使用结构简单、性能稳定、可生物降解的新型酸催化体系,有效解决环境污染及生产安全问题。Direct acid hydrolysis of Dioscorea zingiberensis rhizomes for preparation of diosgenin is wildly used in the traditional industry,which uses a large amount of inorganic acid catalysts,with high wastewater discharge and serious environmental pollution.Therefore,exploring clean and efficient preparation methods and processes has become an inevitable choice to realize the sustainable development of industrial production of diosgenin.Herein,the author reviewed and analyzed the research progress and problems of enzymatic hydrolysis,microbial transformation and modified acid hydrolysis in the preparation of diosgenin from D.zingiberensis rhizomes during the last ten years,and their application prospects are analyzed.Enzymatic hydrolysis has mild reaction conditions,but the yield of diosgenin is low,the economic cost is high,and the purification process of active enzyme is complicated.Microorganism shows specific activity to the substrate and high efficiency for diosgenin production,and microbial transformation is clean and environmentally friendly,but microbial transformation is time-consuming and the metabolic intermediates are complicated.For the modified acid hydrolysis,two-phase acid hydrolysis can reduce the amount of acid catalyst,and sulfonic acidfunctionalized ionic liquid displays good recyclable performance by replacing the traditional inorganic acid,however,the wastewater discharge should still be considered.Solid acid catalysts are non-corrosive and easy to be recycled,but the need to use ethanol as the reaction solvent has certain safety hazards,and the catalyst preparation process is cumbersome.In conclusion,exploring clean and efficient conversion methods is an important research trend for preparation of diosgenin from D.zingiberensis rhizomes.For the enzymatic hydrolysis,the key glycoside hydrolases in the bioconversion process should be explored in depth,the conversion pathway of enzymatic saponins and enzyme specificity should be fully elucidated,and efforts should be made to improve the efficiency

关 键 词：盾叶薯蓣 薯蓣皂苷元 酶解 酸水解 微生物转化 清洁制备 

分 类 号：R22[医药卫生—中医基础理论] R28[医药卫生—中医学] R932[文化科学—情报学] G353.11