中国政策试点的三重逻辑:历史、理论与实践  

The Triple Logic of China’s Policy Pilot:History,Theory,and Practice

作　　者：李娉[1] Li Ping

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学人文与社会科学学院,北京102206

出　　处：《学海》2023年第5期13-24,共12页Academia Bimestris

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“组织学习视角下新中国政策试点的历史实践与经验研究”(项目号:22CZZ023)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：政策试点是推动改革的重要制度安排,也是阐释中国共产党领导国家治理现代化历程的关键线索。已有文献较少对中国政策试点的整体逻辑进行提炼。本文基于历史、理论、实践三重逻辑,解析新中国成立70多年政策试点的历史脉络,区分政策试点不同时代的典型特征;探讨“一般号召与个别指导相结合”“摸着石头过河”“顶层设计与基层探索良性互动”的理论谱系;提炼“权威引领的政策试点”“府际互动的学习网络”“多样化的试点模式”“适应性的政策制定”的实践逻辑。历史、理论、实践三重逻辑具有内在统一性,共同揭示了中国政策试点的独特机制:议题驱动的强化学习、高位驱动的专项授权、评价驱动的经验吸纳、注意力驱动的创新迭代。推动政策试点的持续发展,既要总结历史规律,建构具有指导意义的政策试点理论,也要从不断发展的实践中汲取新知识,回应时代性的重大改革议题,更有效地发挥政策试点在全局性改革中的示范带动作用。Policy pilot is an important institutional arrangement for promoting reform,and it is also a key clue to explain the process of modernization of national governance led by the Communist Party of China.There are few existing literatures that refine the overall logic of China’s policy pilot.Based on the triple logic of history,theory,and practice,this article analyzes the historical context of the 70-year policy pilot program in New China,distinguishes the typical characteristics of policy pilot programs in different eras;discusses the theoretical pedigree of“combine the general call with particular guidance”,“crossing the river by feeling the stones”,“positive interaction between top-level design and grassroots exploration”;and refines the practical logic of“authoritative-led policy pilot”,“intergovernmental interactive learning network”,“diversified pilot mode”and“adaptive policy formulation”.The triple logic of history,theory,and practice has an inherent unity,and together reveals the unique mechanism of China’s policy pilots:issue-driven intensive learning,high-ranking-driven special authorization,evaluation-driven experience absorption,and attention-driven innovation iteration.To promote the sustainable development of policy pilots,it is necessary to summarize historical laws and construct policy pilot theories;it is also important to learn new knowledge from the practice,respond to major reform issues,to drive policy pilots play more effective influence in the overall reform.

关 键 词：政策试点 历史逻辑 理论逻辑 实践逻辑 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]